国际工程承包中的成本控制

承包商在实施国际承包工程中，主要目的是为了追求利润。为达此目的，必须对成本进行控制。要实现成本控制目标，必须对影响成本的主要因素、成本控制的基础、成本控制的主要环节基本清楚。下面就笔者在国际承包工程中的经验教训谈些粗浅认识，或许对读者有所裨益。     

不同卸荷速率下岩石强度特性研究

卸荷条件下的岩石强度特性研究对于分析开挖作用下岩石工程的安全性具有极为重要的意义。卸荷试验中影响岩石强度的因素很多,包括岩性、卸荷点的位置、卸荷应力路径和卸荷速率等,以锦屏大理岩为对象,重点研究卸荷速率对强度的影响。提出用屈服接近速率来统一表征加荷和卸荷下的应力增加或减小的速率,通过比较加荷和卸荷条件下的屈服接近速率表明,当围压卸荷速率为常规试验轴向应力加荷速率的0.2～0.3倍时,两种应力路径下接近破坏时的屈服接近速率相当。通过2D弹塑性细胞自动机的数值试验和大理岩的室内卸围压试验来验证理论分析的结果,表明:围压卸荷速率越大,岩样的强度就越高;当卸荷速率为常规轴向加荷速率的0.2～0.3倍时,卸荷和加荷路径下的强度相当。从而得出结论:对于各种卸荷应力路径,如果卸荷点处于弹性范围内,当接近破坏时的屈服接近速率一定时,应力路径对强度的影响不明显。     

地球化学样品无污染加工流程

随着科研工作者对实验数据的精度和准确度的要求越来越高,为获得可靠的地球化学样品分析数据,除将分析测试仪器条件优化外,对样品前期加工流程也给予了高度重视.笔者在大量实验的基础上,总结经验,对原有制样方法进行了改进,能够加工出小于200目无污染的粉末样品,可以满足高精度、高灵敏度及高自动化程度的测试仪器对样品的要求.     

农户行为与专业村形成的关系研究——以河南省柘城县史老八杨木加工专业村为例

专业村的形成是一村多数农户不断参与专业项目的过程,农户行为方式不同,对专业村的形成速度、产业分工及经济效益的影响不同。运用2011年河南省柘城县史老八杨木加工专业村的调查数据,对农户行为与专业村的形成速度、产业分工及经济效益之间的关系进行了探究。发现:1农户的信息、资金、技术等生产条件的获取方式,深刻影响其参与专业项目的时间,进而影响着专业村的形成速度;2农户的社会交往行为对其参与产业分工的类型影响深刻,进而影响着专业村的产业结构。3农户生产资金的获取方式、与专业协会的联系频度对专业村经济效益的影响深刻。该研究结果的实践引申,专业村、农业产业区的建设,需政府的引导与支持,但更需因地制宜,结合农户行为特征进行。     

合肥深耕“城市矿产” 废弃资源再利用

<正>废旧电池、电子废弃物、塑料包装物等废弃物资,是放错位置的"资源"。"资源有限、循环无限"。因此,废弃资源再生利用被人形象地喻为挖掘"城市矿产"。作为全国首批26个再生资源体系建设试点城市之一,合肥按照"政府积极引导,社区作为载体,市场机制运作"原则,引导再生资源行业健康可持续发展,深耕"城市矿产"。从废旧物资中寻找"富矿"以废旧电视机为例,废旧零件通过深加工可以获取各种"矿     

Thermal conductivity of reinforced soils: A literature review

This paper aims a review of the literature related to soil reinforcements to achieve lower soil thermal conductivity （2）. The use of various natural and synthetic fibers, polymers, geosynthetics, agricultural waste/materials, and nanoclays is discussed and existing prediction models that have been thought to affect low thermal conductivity are presented.     

海水增养殖和水产品精深加工业科技创新发展战略研究

海水增养殖和水产品精深加工业的发展对科技创新具有很强的依赖性,为进一步巩固、提升和发挥海洋科技优势,使科技创新成为海水增养殖和水产品精深加工产业的根本支撑和主导动力,本研究从科技创新的重点领域入手,研究了海水增养殖和水产品精深加工业科技创新的总体思路、重点任务和发展战略,并提出了相关对策与建议。     

山西省和顺县松烟镇关家峪石榴子石加工流程探讨

本文介绍了片岩型石榴子石的的物理和化学性质,对石榴子石分选工艺进行了说明和探讨,为该类型的石榴子石选矿工艺提供依据。     

Uplift of symmetrical anchor plates by using grid-fixed reinforced reinforcement in cohesionless soil

Uplift response of symmetrical anchor plates with and without grid fixed reinforced （GFR） reinforcement was evaluated in model tests and numerical simulations by Plaxis. Many variations of reinforcement layers were used to reinforce the sandy soil over symmetrical anchor plates. In the current research, different factors such as relative density of sand, embedment ratios, and various GFR parameters including size, number of layers, and the proximity of the layer to the symmetrical anchor plate were investigated in a scale model. The failure mechanism and the associated rupture surface were observed and evaluated. GFR, a tied up system made of fiber reinforcement polymer （FRP） strips and end balls, was connected to the geosynthetic material and anchored into the soil. Test results showed that using GFR reinforcement significantly improved the uplift capacity of anchor plates. It was found that the inclusion of one layer of GFR, which rested directly on the top of the anchor plate, was more effective in enhancing the anchor capacity itself than other methods. It was found that by including GFR the uplift response was improved by 29%. Multi layers of GFR proved more effective in enhancing the uplift capacity than a single GFR reinforcement. This is due to the additional anchorage provided by the GFR at each level of reinforcement. In general, the results show that the uplift capacity of symmetrical anchor plates in loose and dense sand can be significantly increased by the inclusion of GFR. It was also observed that the inclusion of GFR reduced the requirement for a large L/D ratio to achieve the required uplift capacity. The laboratory and numerical analysis results are found to be in agreement in terms of breakout factor and failure mechanism pattern.