1998-2002年中国地表太阳辐射的时空变化分析

地表太阳辐射是陆气能量交换过程中重要的物理参数和生态参数,利用卫星数据反演地表太阳辐射对于全面认识地表太阳辐射空间差异性和年际变化特征具有重要的意义。本文利用GMS-5静止气象卫星数据反演了中国区域1998-2002年地表太阳辐射值,在此基础上分析了我国地表太阳辐射的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)青藏高原的地表太阳辐射最大,川黔地区最小,都位于北纬22^~35°这一带除川黔地区外,地表太阳辐射从东向西增强,西部随纬度升高而减小,东部以长江流域最小,向南北增加,西南最大,北部次之,至东北地区随纬度升高而减小(2)各月地表太阳辐射量分布复杂,最小值都出现在12月,但最大值出现时间受雨季影响很大,珠江、长江一带主要在雨季过后的7月,华北、东北和青藏高原主要出现在雨季前的6月及5月,西南地区则在季风雨季前的4-5月(3)5年来东部沿海地区地表太阳辐射增加了13.71%(+4.37W/m²·a),西藏高原地区地表太阳辐射减少了9.31%(-3.47W/m²·a),全国地表太阳辐射平均减少了0.84%(-0.27W/m²·a)。     

基于时空特征分析技术的烤烟GIS系统

本文分析了烤烟信息系统对烤烟种植、生产和销售的重要作用,构建系统的必要性和应用需求,并在.NET框架下,利用ArcEngine和ArcSDE,以C/S结构实现该系统。介绍了系统的结构和功能:包括地图服务、烤烟信息查询统计和烤烟地理信息时空分析和决策支持。同时,讨论了实现该系统的关键技术,包括时空数据库、时空序列的烤烟时空事件分析模型、Web服务等。时空数据包括业务数据和行政区数据两类,对于行政区,除了需要记录行政区的生命周期外,还需记录行政区变更事件,通过行政区变更事件表查询行政区撤消、合并等事件后的业务数据,进而实现时空分析。系统的实现对促进烤烟生产信息化有重积极意义。     

小兴安岭多年冻土分布规律、类型及对公路的影响

一、分布规律 小兴安岭地区属寒温带大陆性季风气候,位于黑龙江省岛状多年冻土区。多年冻土以岛状为主,其分布除受纬度控制外,还受地层岩性、地表植被、地表水等自然因素的影响,多分布在小型地势低洼、阳光照不到而保温条件又好的沟谷密林和沼泽中,在较大或开阔沟谷边缘与低山丘陵的接触部位局部也有分布。     

Distribution patterns of chlorophyll <Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis> in spring and autumn in association with hydrological features in the southern Yellow Sea and northern East China Sea

Two field studies were conducted to measure pigments in the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and the northern East China Sea (NECS) in April (spring) and September (autumn) to evaluate the distribution pattern of phytoplankton stock (Chl a concentration) and the impact of hydrological features such as water mass, mixing and tidal front on these patterns. The results indicated that the Chl a concentration was 2.43±2.64 (Mean ± SD) mg m^?3 in April (range, 0.35 to 17.02 mg m^?3) and 1.75±3.10 mg m^?3 in September (from 0.07 to 36.54 mg m^?3) in 2003. Additionally, four areas with higher Chl a concentrations were observed in the surface water in April, while two were observed in September, and these areas were located within or near the point at which different water masses converged (temperature front area). The distribution pattern of Chl a was generally consistent between onshore and offshore stations at different depths in April and September. Specifically, higher Chl a concentrations were observed along the coastal line in September, which consisted of a mixing area and a tidal front area, although the distributional pattern of Chl a concentrations varied along transects in April. The maximum Chl a concentration at each station was observed in the surface and subsurface layer (0–10 m) for onshore stations and the thermocline layer (10–30 m) for offshore stations in September, while the greatest concentrations were generally observed in surface and subsurface water (0–10 m) in April. The formation of the Chl a distributional pattern in the SYS and NECS and its relationship with possible influencing factors is also discussed. Although physical forces had a close relationship with Chl a distribution, more data are required to clearly and comprehensively elucidate the spatial pattern dynamics of Chl a in the SYS and NECS.     

全面推进我省地质灾害防治工作为构建和谐社会做出应有贡献——在全省汛期地质灾害防治工作视频会议上的讲话

这次会议主要任务是：全面贯彻落实2009年“全国汛期地质灾害防治工作视频会议”精神,总结我省2008年地质灾害防治工作情况,部署2009年汛期我省地质灾害防治工作。根据省气候中心提供的我省今年汛期降雨趋势资料,虽然我省今年夏季总体上降雨量少于往年,但降雨分布不均,特别是在地质灾害易发区仍存在高强度降水可能,防灾工作不容乐观,     

涠洲岛潮滩表层沉积物中重金属的空间分布及其环境质量评价

根据2006年4月对涠洲岛潮滩表层沉积物的调查资料,分析了表层沉积物中重金属元素Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As的含量水平及空间分布特征,运用单因子评价法对其环境质量进行了评估,并通过相关性分析、因子分析探讨了几种重金属元素的物源.结果表明:涠洲岛潮滩环境质量状况良好,各元素均未达到污染水平,多数地区存在Cu的玷污,个别地区存在As的玷污;各分析元素较多的累积在人为活动相对频繁的XKZ、W05断面附近区域;Hg、Cu、Zn、Cr显著正相关,以环境背景来源为主,Pb、As较多的受到人为因素的影响.     

基于小波变换的缓冲平台隔振性能分析

根据水下爆炸作用下设备冲击响应的分析原理,分析了一组实验测量数据,并对数据进行了一维离散小波分析,提取了信号的细部特征,最后计算了各频带的能量百分比和缓冲平台的吸收系数.实验结果表明:缓冲平台主要吸收20 Hz以上的高频振动能量,吸收系数在0.99以上,该设计结构能有效减缓振动冲击;低于20 Hz的低频振动能量60%以上都传递给设备,但小幅度的低频振动不会造成设备损坏,从而确保了设备在严酷的冲击环境下正常工作.     

基于Argo资料的世界大洋温度跃层的分布特征

基于2002年至2007年Argo浮标温度剖面资料,计算温度跃层特征参数,判定跃层的类型。在此基础之上,绘制了世界大洋四季温度跃层特征分布图。分析结果初步揭示了世界大洋温度跃层深度和强度的分布规律及其冬、夏两季的变化规律。     

晚第四纪-全新世期间库拉泥火山的时空演化

泥质角砾相／流是识别泥火山的一个主要特征：角砾沉积的时间意味着泥火山的喷发历史,而角砾出现的规模表示了泥火山的强度。库拉泥火山位于地中海东部阿那克西曼德海山北缘水深1750m处,圆丘状。多波束及深拖旁侧声纳系统调查显示,库拉泥火山北向及峰顶具有比周围区域高的背向散射强度。     

pCO2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.