基于参数切换混沌有序索引的图像行列置乱加密算法

为了提高加密算法的性能,设计一种基于改进型参数切换混沌的图像加密算法。首先根据符号逻辑映射序列自适应选择正弦、余弦或帐篷映射生成参数切换混沌随机序列。选取与行数、列数等长的混沌序列排序生成混沌有序索引值作为行列置乱索引,依次对图像按行、列进行置乱,将剩余混沌序列扩展后与置乱的图像像素按比特进行异或加密得到加密图像,提高密钥空间。实验结果表明,该算法的密钥空间较大,能够较好地抵抗攻击。     

直面污染 守护安全

正1月19日发布的中央一号文件明确,以解决好地少水缺的资源环境约束为导向深入推进农业发展方式转变,以满足吃得好吃得安全为导向大力发展优质安全农产品。在粮食产量十连增的大背景下,人们对这一蓝图寄予无限憧憬。但是,4月17日发布的全国土壤污染状况调查公报显示,全国土壤16.1%的总超标率。不禁让人担忧上述理想能否顺利实现。此次在全国范围首次开展的土壤污染状况综合调查显示,我国土壤环境状况     

地形特征约束的不规则三角网动态更新方法

针对不规则三角网(TIN)结构的省级基础DEM产品的动态更新需求,本文优化设计了包含属性信息的TIN数据结构及其组织模式,开发了一套顾及多源数据特征约束的TIN动态更新方法,并以1:10 000比例尺DEM数据为例进行实验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

An Optical Disdrometer for Measuring Present Weather Parameters

A new present weather identifier（PWI） based on occlusion and scattering techniques is presented in the study. The present weather parameters are detectable by the meteorological optical range（MOR） approximately up to 50 km and by droplets with diameters ranging from 0.125 mm to 22 mm with velocities up to 16 m s-1. The MOR error is less than 8% for the MOR within 10 km and less than 15% for farther distances. Moreover, the size errors derived from various positions of the light sheet by the particles were checked within ± 0.1 mm ± 5%. The comparison shows that the MOR, in a sudden shower event, is surprisingly consistent with those of the sentry visibility sensors（SVS） with a correlation coefficient up to 98%. For the rain amounts derived from the size and velocity of the droplets, the daily sums by the PWI agree within 10% of those by the Total Rain Weighing Sensor（TRwS205） and the rain gauge. Combined with other sensors such as temperature, humidity, and wind, the PWI can serve as a present weather sensor to distinguish several weather types such as fog, haze, mist, rain, hail, and drizzle.     

养殖方式、光照强度对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长与存活的影响

采用生态学方法,研究了养殖方式、光照强度对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长与存活的影响。结果表明:在养殖方式实验中,哲罗鱼稚鱼体长、体质量均以室内静水组为最高,室内流水组其次,室外流水组最低。存活率以室内流水组为最高,室外流水组次之,室内静水组最低。统计分析表明养殖方式对哲罗鱼稚鱼终末体长、体质量、特定生长率、体长生长参数以及体长、体质量变异系数的影响均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。在光照实验中,哲罗鱼稚鱼的存活率、体长、体质量及特定生长率、体长生长参数均随光照强度的增加而增加,说明在哲罗鱼稚鱼室内培育阶段,适当地增加部分光照有利于其存活、摄食与生长。本研究结果为哲罗鱼高效养殖提供了科学依据。     

The distribution of chlorophyll a and its influencing factors in different regions of the Bering Sea

The distribution of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and its relationships with physical and chemical parameters in different regions of the Bering Sea were discussed in July 2010. The results showed the seawater column Chl a concentrations were 13.41–553.89 mg/m2 and the average value was 118.15 mg/m2 in the study areas. The horizontal distribution of Chl a varied remarkably from basin to shelf in the Bering Sea. The regional order of Chl a concentrations from low to high was basin, slope, outer shelf, inner shelf, and middle shelf. The vertical distribution of Chl a was grouped mainly from single-peak type in basin, slope, outer shelf, and middle shelf, where the deep Chl a maxima(DCM) layer was observed at 25–50 m, 30–35 m, 36–44 m, and 37–47 m, respectively. The vertical distribution of Chl a mainly had three basic patterns: standard single-peak type, surface maximum type, and bottom maximum type in the inner shelf. The analysis also showed that the transportation of ocean currents may control the distribution of Chl a, and the effects were not simple in the basin of the Bering Sea. There was a positive correlation between Chl a and temperature, but no significant correlation between Chl a and nutrients. The Bering Sea slope was an area deeply influenced by slope current. Silicate was the factor that controlled the distribution of Chl a within parts of the water in the slope. Light intensity was an important environmental factor in controlling seawater column Chl a in the shelf, where Chl a was limited by nitrate rather than phosphate within the upper water. Meanwhile, there was a positive relationship between Chl a and salinity. Algal blooms broke out at Sta. B6 of the southwestern St. Lawrence Island and Stas F6 and F11 in the middle of the Bering Strait.     

Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.     

南海冬季一次海面大风天气的WRF模式预报检验

为寻找出适合南海冬季海面大风天气预报的边界层参数化方案,利用中尺度气象模式WRF中9种边界层方案(YSU、MYJ、QNSE-EDMF、MYNN2、MYNN3、ACM2、BouLac、UW、GBM),对2012年12月29-31日的大风过程进行预报,并用最终分析资料(FNL)检验10 m风场预报。结果表明:风速风向预报的整体平均偏差相当,风向预报的均方根误差较风速大;风速风向与实况的相关随着预报时间增加,整体呈现下降趋势;各方案对海陆交界风速预报普遍偏大2 m/s以上,而在远离陆地的海域偏差较小;YSU方案对北部湾、东沙群岛、西沙群岛、南沙群岛4个海区风场的变化趋势均能较好预报;整体而言,南海大部分海域的预报偏差较小,YSU、MYNN2、MYNN3方案对风速预报较好,ACM2方案对风向预报较好。     

南海沿岸近海地区大气特征分析

近年来气候变化使得局地大气特征发生明显变化,为了更好的研究南海海域气候特征,文章利用多年的南海区域站点观探测资料,采用统计分析的方法分析南海沿岸近海地区的温度、湿度等常规大气参数以及云、能见度等天气特征的时空分布特征,并统计了航空危险天气条件(低云量≥5成,云底高≤300 m且能见度1 km)出现的频率分布,为科研和海洋天气预报提供有力的数据支持。     

码头潮流精细化观测预报浅析

对港口码头的定点进行潮流精细化预报,是对区域潮流场预报工作的有利补充。结合当前定点潮流预报工作的开展,从基本的4个测站的站点布设,选择合适的时间获取预报所需的原始观测资料,再到实测数据处理,至预报计算方法,以及预报产品开发应用等多方面,深入探讨如何科学有效地开展港口码头潮流精细化预报工作,更好地满足当前市场的需求。关于资料的采集主要侧重目前运用较为成熟的四测站布置方案,并结合实际工作中遇到的一些问题进行具体阐述。