海洋细菌素的研究进展

在自然环境中,有些微生物通过抑制或杀死另一种微生物的拮抗作用来获得竞争优势。有的细菌产生细菌素,可杀死与其亲缘关系相近种。细菌素通常是指由细菌分泌的、对同种或其他亲缘关系很近的细菌有抑制作用的一种蛋白类抑菌物质。细菌素的蛋白质性质以及多种明显区别于抗生素的优点,使其具有广阔的应用空间。     

微生物膜对海洋无脊椎动物幼体附着变态的影响研究

一般来说,一旦把表面洁净的载玻片等附着基浸入海中,在数分钟到数小时内,该附着基的表面将迅速形成微生物膜[1].起初,各种有机物会吸附在附着基的表面,进而引起附着基表面的电荷变化.随后,海洋细菌开始在该基质上附着和繁殖,并分泌胞外多糖类等有机物,在附着基的表面上形成细菌黏膜[1-2].由于细菌分解有机物产生CO2、 NH3,附着硅藻、原生动物以及其他微细藻类开始在基质上附着,最终形成微生物膜[1-3].     

活断层上均匀盖层中氡浓度分布的数值模拟及反演拟合

Based on the convection and diffusion mechanisms of radon migration, in this paper we deduce the two-dimensional differential equation for radon transportation in the overburden above active fault zones with an unlimited extension along the strike. Making use of the finite difference method, the radon concentration distribution in the overburden above active faults is calculated and modeled. The active fault zone parameters, such as the depth and the width of the fault zone, and the value of radon concentration, can be inverted from the measured radon concentration curve. These realize quantitative interpretation for radon concentration anomalies. The inversion results are in good agreement with the actual fault zone parameters.     

不同母质发育的紫色水稻土腐殖质分布特征

研究了川中丘陵区紫色水稻土土壤腐殖质碳的剖面分布及其组成特征,探讨了土壤腐殖质与活性有机碳、土壤全氮含量的关系.结果表明:(1)表层腐殖质碳含量、HA/FA值同时受母质和水分条件的影响,冲沟上部的淹育性水稻土主要受母质的影响,而冲沟交汇处的潜育性水稻土,则主要受水分条件的影响;剖面分布上,土壤腐殖质碳含量、HA/FA总体上随土层深度的增加呈递减趋势.在水分条件的影响下,腐殖质碳含量、HA/FA值表现为淹育性水稻土＜渗育性水稻土＜潜育性水稻土.(2)腐殖质碳、HA、HA/FA值的含量与LOC呈极显著正相关关系(P＜0.01),FA与LOC呈显著的正相关关系(P＜0.05).(3)腐殖质碳、HA、HA/FA与TN呈极显著的正相关关系(P＜0.01),FA与TN呈显著的正相关关系(P＜0.05).     

The adaptability of three Arctic microalgae to different low temperatures

In order to study the adaptability of Arctic mieroalgae to different environmental temperatures, the growth curves and antioxidase system of three microalgae ( Skeletonema marinoi, Chlorella sp. and Chlam ydomonas sp. ) that were separated from the Ny-Alesund, the high Arctic, at different low temperatures (0 ℃, 4 ℃ and 8 ℃ ) were determined. The result showed that the adaptability of the microalgae to temperatures depended on the species. The growth rate, SOD and CAT activities of Skeletonema marinoi were the highest at 4 ℃,but MDA content was the lowest. The growth rate and enzyme activity of Chlorella sp. were the highest at 8 ℃, while the lowest MDA content presented at 0 ℃. The growth of Chlamydomonas sp. at the different temperatures was not so significant, the lowest MDA content presented at 8 ℃. The change of antioxidase system also depended on species and temperatures. Three indexes of antioxidase system of Skeletonema marinoi between 0 ℃ and 4 ℃ showed extremely significant difference (p < 0. 01 ). SOD activity of Skeletonema marinoi and Chlorella sp. between 0 ℃ and 8 ℃ showed significant difference (p<0.05),and the other two indexes of them differed insignificantly. Antioxidase systems of Chlamydomonas sp. at the three temperatures differed insignificantly. In conclusion, the three microalgae had good adaptability to the three temperatures;their MDA content presented a low level, and had unique physiological mechanism to adapt to the environment with different low temperatures.     

Changes of soil labile organic carbon in different land uses in Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province

In the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China,the natural wetland is undergoing a rapid conversion into agricultural land,which has resulted in drastic ecological changes in the region. To investigate the effects of different land uses on soil labile organic carbon,soils of Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland,Carex lasiocarpa wetland,dry farmland,paddy field,forest land and abandoned cultivated land were collected for measuring the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC),dissolved organic carbon (DOC),readil...     

烟酰化壳寡糖季铵盐的制备及抑菌活性研究

海洋生物体内蕴含着丰富的天然活性物质,许多都具有抑菌活性,据此研制新型海洋生物源抑菌药物,是海洋生物产业中的一个新领域,也是新型抑菌药物研发的重要途径。壳聚糖是来自海洋中虾蟹等甲壳类动物外壳的甲壳素的脱乙酰产物,壳寡糖是壳聚糖的降解产物,具有比壳聚糖更好的水溶性和生物活性,在食品和生物医药等领域具有更广阔的应用前景。为了提高壳寡糖的抑菌活性,本研究以壳寡糖和烟酸为原料、N, N-羰基二咪唑为催化剂合成了壳寡糖烟酸接枝衍生物,并与不同链长的溴代烷烃亲核反应得到其阳离子化衍生物。壳寡糖及其衍生物的化学结构通过红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振波谱(NMR)进行分析表征,壳寡糖及其衍生物对2种海洋致病细菌和3种植物致病真菌的体外抑菌能力分别采用肉汤稀释法和菌丝生长速率法进行研究和评估。结果表明,与壳寡糖相比,合成的终产物对致病菌的抑制能力得到了极大增强,其中含有己基的烟酰化壳寡糖季铵盐表现出最强的抑制海洋致病细菌活性(MIC=0.125mg/mL、MBC=0.25mg/mL),并且该化合物表现出较强的抗真菌活性,在1.0 mg/mL时,对灰葡萄孢菌和围小丛壳的抑制率分别为65.7%和51.5%。...     

九龙江口红树林土壤微生物的类群及抗菌活性

研究了九龙江口的秋茄(Kandelia candel)林和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)林两个红树林群落及其相应对照光滩土壤微生物的类群及抗菌活性.对微生物类群的研究结果表明:九龙江口红树林区土壤细菌中,芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)是最占优势的属;放线菌以小单胞菌属(Micromonospora)最具优势;其次是链霉菌属(Streptomyces),从秋茄林到白骨壤林,由于潮位降低,小单胞菌比例增加,而链霉菌比例下降;丝状真菌以半知菌占绝对优势,木霉(Trichoderma)、曲霉(Aspergillus)和青霉(Penicillum)是最常见的属;随着土壤深度的增加,微生物的类群减少,但芽孢杆菌和小单胞菌的相对比例增加;红树林土壤微生物类群比对照光滩丰富,缘于林内土壤营养与微生物的栖息条件比光滩优越.对抗菌活性研究表明:土壤真菌的抗菌活性低,抗菌谱窄;放线菌的抗菌活性高,抗菌谱宽,具有抗菌活性的放线菌多为小单胞菌,小单胞菌是一类值得重视的放线菌.