修正的莫尔-库仑理论的解析和验证

根据主应力可分解为静水应力和偏应力,以及它们在应力莫尔圆和变形方面的相关性,推导出修正的莫尔-库仑理论的数学表达式。从理论上解决了库仑理论和莫尔理论存在的许多缺陷,特别是中间主应力对材料抗剪强度的影响。它的四参数准则的计算结果与一些混凝土的试验数据相当吻合。     

三峡引水工程秦巴段输水隧洞稳定性分析

三峡引水工程秦巴段隧洞总长占线路总长的80%。为了分析隧洞施工及运营中可能发生的工程地质问题,在地质调查、地应力测量和岩石力学参数测试的基础上,利用Ansys有限元软件对引水工程北部不同深度、不同截面形态的隧洞围岩的应力重分布情况进行了模拟计算,得到了圆形隧洞、城门形隧洞和马蹄形隧洞围岩的应力分布结果。利用Hoek-Brown强度准则,得到了隧洞围岩的强度/应力比值,进而对不同深度、不同截面形态的隧洞围岩的稳定性进行了分析。初步认为:隧洞埋深小于1000m时,应优先考虑圆形隧洞和马蹄形隧洞;埋深大于1000m时,应优先考虑城门形隧洞。这项研究成果为引水工程深埋隧洞的设计提供了参考依据。     

0707号强热带风暴“帕布”强度变化探讨

从环境风引导气流垂直切变、倾斜结构来探讨0707号强热带风暴“帕布”的高层对流云团7次生消的变化特征,同时,也探讨双台风对“帕布”强度的影响。     

Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces

Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement (d), roughness length (20), and friction velocity (u*) on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-grazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.     

Comparison of Three Tropical Cyclone Intensity Datasets

Analyzed in this paper are the 16-yr (1988-2003) tropical cyclone (TC) intensity data from three major forecast centers of the western North Pacific, i.e., China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Regional Specialized Meteorological Center Tokyo (RSMC Tokyo), and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of the United States. Results show that there are significant discrepancies (at 1% significance level) in the intensity of TCs among the three centers, with a maximum difference for the same TC over 30 m s-1. The flight reconnaissance over TC can minish the discrepancy to some extent. A climatic and persistent prediction model is set up to study the impact of initial data from different forecast centers on the prediction of TC intensity. It is obtained that the root mean square error (RMSE) of a 4-yr independent test is the largest using data from JTWC, while the smallest using data from RSMC Tokyo. Average absolute deviation in 24-h intensity prediction is 2.5 m s-1 between CMA and RSMC Tokyo data, and 4.0 m s-1 between CMA and JTWC data, with a maximum deviation reaching 21 m s-1. Such a problem in the initial value increases the difficulty in intensity prediction of TCs over the western North Pacific.     

2005年登陆我国热带气旋特征分析

热带气旋是影响我国沿海的主要灾害性天气系统之一, 它产生的狂风、暴雨、巨浪和风暴潮, 给沿岸地区人民生命和国家财产安全带来严重威胁。而严重的台风灾害, 往往是台风登陆引起的。为进一步研究登陆热带气旋的活动规律, 总结了2005年登陆我国热带气旋的特点, 结果表明:2005年登陆我国热带气旋具有登陆季节短、登陆地点分布异常、台风比例异常偏高、灾害损失极为严重的特点。同时, 还讨论了2005年登陆我国热带气旋异常的气候原因, 并指出未来几年登陆热带气旋和台风的年频数处在上升趋势中。     

冻结粉土动强度的荷载效应及长期极限动强度

荷载效应包括速率效应和疲劳效应两部分．速率效应使冻土的动强度和退荷回弹动弹模随应变速率加快而提高;疲劳效应使冻土的动强度随振频增加而下降,但在低应变速率下却使动强度略有提高．在高应变速率下动强度大于静强度,在低应变速度下动强度小于静强度,其间存在一个临界应变速率．通过动强度－破坏振次关系,可确定长期极限动强度．     

分区性水文要素面平均值的计算机解算法

本文针对分区性水文要素如降水量、地下水埋深等计算面平均值的问题,提出了一种计算机解法。该方法用矩形网格划分研究区域,利用标志数据文件识别各个分区,应用三角网法、趋势面法等方法求算矩形网格节点值,最终得到各个分区的水文要素的面平均值。经实际验证,效果令人满意。在几种拟合方法中,三角网法具有物理意义明确、使用简便、精度高的特点,为首选之方法。     

滑坡临界暴雨强度

本文介绍了几个主要暴雨滑坡集中区的临界暴雨强度,分析了各地临界暴雨强度不同的主要原因。指出前期降雨对滑坡滑动是否有明显影响,取决于滑体岩土性质及滑坡形成机制等多种因素,不可一概而论。     

软岩的强度—变形—时间之间关系的试验分析

对软岩和有不连续面的软岩试样进行一系列固结不排水三轴压缩和蠕变试验,测定并分析了它们在正常固结和超固结状态下的应变软化性状、蠕变特性和残余强度的变化规律。探讨了软岩中存在的不连续面对应力－应变关系、残余强度特性和蠕变应变速率的影响。