华北地块北缘晚古生代——早中生代岩浆活动期次、特征及构造背景

通过对华北陆块北缘近年来获得的晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩锆石U-Pb及部分39Ar-40Ar测年结果的分析,认为该区晚古生代—早中生代期间至少经历了泥盆纪、早石炭世晚期—中二叠世及二叠纪末—三叠纪等3期明显的岩浆作用过程。泥盆纪岩浆活动时限在400～360Ma左右,岩性主要为碱性岩(正长岩及二长岩),其次为基性-超基性岩、二长闪长岩、碱性花岗岩及流纹岩,出露面积较少。早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆活动时限在330～265Ma左右,岩性主要为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及花岗岩,其次为辉长岩及英云闪长岩。二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆活动(250～200Ma),岩性主要为钾长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及碱性杂岩,其次为基性-超基性岩及少量中酸性火山岩。华北地块北缘晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩呈近东西走向的带状分布,其中泥盆纪及早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆岩主要分布在内蒙古隆起上,而二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆岩分布范围更大,其南界可以到达燕山构造带最南端的蓟县盘山及太行山北段的河北涿鹿矾山地区。这些广泛分布的多期次岩浆活动表明华北地块北缘在晚古生代—早中生代期间经历了复杂的岩浆及构造作用过程。泥盆纪岩浆活动可能与白乃庙岛弧岩带与华北克拉通弧-陆碰撞后的伸展作用有关。早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆活动的形成与古亚洲洋向华北地块的俯冲作用有关。而二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆活动的形成与华北地块与西伯利亚南缘蒙古增生褶皱带拼合后的伸展及岩石圈拆沉作用有关。     

俯冲带的锂同位素特征

近年来,由于分析手段的不断改进,锂同位素的精确测试才得以实现。锂以其分馏大、中度不相容、易随流体迁移、地表环境与地幔锂同位素特征差异明显等优势,被认为是极具潜力的示踪元素。目前,锂同位素在壳幔物质循环、风化作用、岩浆作用、流体(热液)活动等方面研究中已得到广泛的应用,其中又以俯冲带锂同位素的研究程度最高。本文主要从锂同位素分馏机理、俯冲带锂的行为特征、岛弧岩浆的锂同位素研究以及深俯冲作用过程中锂的行为等方面总结了当前国内外锂同位素的研究进展。     

新疆天山华力西运动特征

华力西运动是天山山系晚古生代时期活动最强烈,波及范围最广的一次构造运动,天山地区区域地质特征、成矿作用、重要矿床、矿点及矿带的形成与该期构造运动关系密切.通过对天山华力西运动与地层、构造、岩浆岩、变质作用关系的研究,进一步探讨新疆天山华力西运动特征.     

南岭燕山期构造-岩浆热事件与锡田锡钨成矿

燕山期发生的与岩石圈减薄和构造转折有关的壳幔相互作用,引起了地球深部能量和物质向浅部的大规模传输,造成了南岭中生代构造-岩浆热事件,从而为成矿作用提供了必需的热、流体、挥发组分和成矿元素,形成了巨量金属堆积的独特地质背景。处于南岭多金属成矿带中段北缘的锡田锡钨成矿区即是在此热事件作用下,形成了云英岩型、似伟晶岩壳型、夕卡岩型、构造蚀变岩型、石英脉型锡、钨多金属矿床。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000125

<正>Carbonatites are commonly related to the accumulation of economically valuable substances such as REE.Cu,and P.The debate over the origin of carbonatites and their relationship to associated silicate rocks has been ongoing for about 45 years.Worldwide,the rocks characteristically display more geochemical enrichments in Ba,Sr and REE than sedimentary carbonate rocks.However,carbonatite's geochemical features are disputed because of secondary mineral effects.Rock-forming carbonates from carbonatites at Qinling.Panxi region,and Bayan Obo in China show REE distribution patterns ranging from LREE enrichment to flat patterns.They are characterized by a Sr content more than 10 times higher than that of secondary carbonates.The coarse- and fine-grained dolomites from Bayan Obo H8 dolomite marbles also show similar high Sr abundance,indicating that they are of igneous origin.Some carbonates in Chinese carbonatites show REE(especially HREE) contents and distribution patterns similar to those of the whole rocks.These intrusive carbonatites display lower platinum group elements and stronger fractionation between Pt and Ir relative to high-Si extrusive carbonatite.This indicates that most intrusive carbonatites may be carbonate cumulates.Maoniuping and Daluxiang in Panxi region are large REE deposits.Hydrothermal fluorite ore veins occur outside of the carbonatite bodies and are emplaced in wallrock syenite.The fiuorite in Maoniuping has Sr and Nd isotopes similar to carbonatite.The Daluxiang fiuorite shows Sr and REE compositions different from those in Maoniuping.The difference is reflected by both the carbonatites and rock-forming carbonates,indicating that REE mineralization is related to carbonatites.The cumulate processes of carbonate minerals make fractionated fluids rich in volatiles and LREE as a result of low partition coefficients for REE between carbonate and carbonatite melt and an increase from LREE to HREE.The carbonatite-derived fluid has interacted with wallrock to form REE ore veins.The amount of carbonatite dykes occurring near the Bayan Obo orebodies may support the same mineralization model,i.e.that fluids evolved from the carbonatite dykes reacted with H8 dolomite marble,and thus the different REE and isotope compositions of coarse- and fine-grained dolomite may be related to reaction processes.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000034

<正>We synthesize significant recent results on the deep structure and origin of the active volcanoes in mainland China.Magmatism in the western Pacific arc and back-arc areas is caused by dehydration of the subducting slab and by corner flow in the mantle wedge,whereas the intraplate magmatism in China has different origins.The active volcanoes in Northeast China(such as the Changbai and Wuda-lianchi) are caused by hot upwelling in the big mantle wedge(BMW) above the stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone and deep slab dehydration as well.The Tengchong volcano in Southwest China is caused by a similar process in the BMW above the subducting Burma microplate(or Indian plate). The Hainan volcano in southernmost China is a hotspot fed by a lower-mantle plume which may be associated with the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs' deep subduction in the east and the Indian slab's deep subduction in the west down to the lower mantle.The stagnant slab finally collapses down to the bottom of the mantle,which can trigger the upwelling of hot mantle materials from the lower mantle to the shallow mantle beneath the subducting slabs and may cause the slab—plume interactions.     

找矿地质判据在河元背铀矿普查中的应用

找矿地质判据总结了不同类型铀矿床的形成、富集和分布的有利地质条件和地质环境,为河元背普查项目的实施提供了重要的理论基础。该文主要论述了岩浆活动判据和构造地质判据在研究区的应用,多阶段多期次岩浆喷发、侵入以及围岩蚀变作用强烈叠加,为铀成矿创造了重要条件。区内构造发育,确定断裂构造、火山岩组间界面是有利的赋矿部位。     

隆东井田重磁异常的地质意义

根据区域重磁异常特征研究及其数据处理成果,初步揭示了隆东井田内主要采煤层石炭纪太原组8号煤层煤质变化规律及影响因素。在深成变质作用的基础上,叠加了岩浆热变质作用,使8号煤层煤种呈现规律性条带分布。     

中帕米尔塔什库尔干早白垩世二云母花岗岩与中‒基性包体的岩石成因及其地质意义

中?南帕米尔在早白垩世发生了岩浆爆发事件,出露的花岗质岩基规模巨大并且分布广泛.这些白垩纪花岗质岩石为钙碱性系列,具有弧岩浆岩的微量元素特征,可能形成于Shyok洋和/或新特提斯洋的北向俯冲环境,但其岩石成因与动力过程仍然不清楚.本文对中帕米尔塔什库尔干地区的二云母花岗岩与中?基性包体开展了二次离子质谱(SIMS)锆石...     

珲春地区早印支期I—A型花岗岩系的特征及其大地构造意义

珲春市地域内花岗岩出露面积约达3000km^2，占地域总面积一半以上，前人均认为以大荒沟花岗闪长岩大岩基为代表折花岗岩类主要为华力西晚期的产物，并成为晚华力西期地槽（褶皱带）存在的重要理论依据之一，八十年代以来，新的地质调查逐步对大荒沟大岩体进行了岩石谱系单位划分，确认存在着闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-钾长花岗岩-晶洞（文象）钾长花岗岩呈套叠式产出的岩石序列，时代为早印支期，成因类型为I-A型花岗岩系，形成于早印支造山运动的过程之中，反映了整个陆缘造山旋回的成岩浆作用的特点，标志兴凯地块西部陆缘活动带过渡型陆壳经历了早印支期的构造岩浆作用。转化为成熟陆壳的过程。