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231.
232.
高寒草甸湍流特征量的季节变化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用青藏高原东北边缘的若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统研究站玛曲高寒草甸观测场提供的2010年近地面层梯度和涡动观测资料,基于Monin-Obukhov相似理论(MOST)分析了该地区风速分量、温度、水汽和CO2的归一化标准差随稳定度参数z/L在均匀平坦地表的变化关系及其季节变化特征。结果表明,风速分量σu/u*、σv/u*和σw/u*与稳定度参数z/L呈1/3次方关系,并随|z/L|增大而增大,在近中性(|z/L|0.05)时趋于常数,且σu/u*σv/u*σw/u*;水平方向风速的归一化标准差随空气动力学粗糙度z0m的增大而减小,σw/u*无明显季节变化,可近似为常数;温度、水汽和CO2的归一化标准差在不稳定条件下与z/L呈-1/3次方关系,归一化值随|z/L|的减小而增大,在中性条件下σq/q*σc/C*σT/T*。σT/T*、σq/q*和σc/C*的季节变化分别与感热、潜热和CO2通量的季节变化相反,且主要决定于特征尺度T*、q*和C*。其中感热通量的季节变化与潜热通量、CO2通量相反,且年变化幅度最小,相应地,σT/T*的季节变化与σc/C*和σq/q*相反,且年变化幅度最小。 相似文献
233.
Intraseasonal Oscillation of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon and Its Influence on Regionally Persistent Heavy Rain over Southern China
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The intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) in the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) and its influence on regionally persistent heavy rain(RPHR) over southern China are examined by using satelhte outgoing long wave radiation,NCEP/NCAR reanalysis,and gridded rainfall station data in China from 1981 to 2010.The most important feature of the ISO in SCSSM,contributing to the modulation of RPHR,is found to be the fluctuation in the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH),along with a close link to the Madden-Julian oscillation(MJO).Southern China is divided into three regions by using rotated empirical orthogonal functions(REOFs)for intraseasonal rainfall,where the incidence rate of RPHR is closely linked to the intraseasonal variation in rainfall.It is found that SCSSM ISOs are the key systems controlling the intraseasonal variability in rainfall and can be described by the leading pair of empirical orthogonal functions(EOFs) for the 850-hPa zonal wind over the SCS and southern China.Composite analyses based on the principal components(PCs) of the EOFs indicate that the ISO process in SCSSM exhibits as the east-west oscillation of the WPSH,which is coupled with the northward-propagating MJO,creating alternating dry and wet phases over southern China with a period of 40 days.The wet phases provide stable and lasting circulation conditions that promote RPHR.However,differences in the ISO structures can be found when RPHR occurs in regions where the WPSH assumes different meridional positions.Further examination of the meridional-phase structure suggests an important role of northward-propagating ISO and regional air-sea interaction in the ISO process in SCSSM. 相似文献
234.
Chinese Contribution to CMIP5:An Overview of Five Chinese Models’Performances 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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ZHOU Tianjun CHEN Xiaolong DONG Lu WU Bo MAN Wenmin ZHANG Lixi LIN Renping YAO Junchen SONG Fengfei ZHAO Chongbo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):481-509
An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 (CMIP5) is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are assessed in the context of climate mean states, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal oscillation, interan-nual variability, interdecadal variability, global monsoon, Asian-Australian monsoon, 20th-century historical climate simulation, climate change pro jection, and climate sensitivity. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated. The models generally show reasonable performances in simulating sea surface tem-perature (SST) mean state, seasonal cycle, spatial patterns of Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) amplitude and tropical cyclone Genesis Potential Index (GPI), global monsoon precipitation pattern, El Ni-no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) related SST anomalies. However, the perfor-mances of the models in simulating the time periods, amplitude, and phase locking of ENSO, PDO time periods, GPI magnitude, MJO propagation, magnitude of SST seasonal cycle, northwestern Pacific mon-soon and North American monsoon domains, as well as the skill of large-scale Asian monsoon precipitation need to be improved. The model performances in simulating the time evolution and spatial pattern of the 20th-century global warming and the future change under representative concentration pathways pro jection are compared to the multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models. The model discrepancies in terms of climate sensitivity are also discussed. 相似文献
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237.
以归一化雪被指数法为基础,根据南极的环境特点,提出了MODIS影像的0.86μm与1.24μm的新波段组合方法,分别实现了晴空与薄云下的海冰提取,大幅度地提高了南极海冰监测的效率与分辨率。结合AMSR-E微波数据进行了海冰变化研究,得到2002~2010年的全南极海冰范围与净冰面积都在2月份达到最小值,均值分别为3.17×106 km2与2.42×106 km2;都在9月份达到最大值,均值分别为18.40×106 km2与16.60×106 km2。而全南极海冰的年际变化可分为三个阶段:从2002~2004年,海冰基本持平;2005~2007年,海冰减少;2008~2010年,海冰重新增长,这与南极海冰20a长周期的推断相符合,但9年间的全南极海冰无明显的趋势性变化。 相似文献
238.
The Seasonal Variabilities in the Concentration of Atmospheric Aerosols over Qingdao, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
SHENG Lifang FU Ying QIU Mingyan GAO Huiwang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(4):383-390
Mass concentrations of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and size-segregated particles were obtained from July 2001 to June 2002 in Qingdao to characterize the seasonal variations of atmospheric aerosols and to show the impact of dust events on the air quality in Qingdao. Data on size-segregated aerosols show that 73.74% of the TSP mass concentration is contributed by particles with diameters less than 11 μm. Particles with diameters less than 1.1μm have a higher concentration during the winter. In spring, larger particles tend to have higher mass concentrations. Bimodal particle size distributions have been observed, with maxima around 4.7-7 μand 0.43-0.65 μm in the winter season, and 7-11 μm and 0.65-1.1 μm in the autumn season. Measurements made during the dust events in March 2002 show high concentrations of particles in the size range 2.1-7μm. 相似文献
239.
叶蜡正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成已经成为陆相沉积古生态重建的重要研究方法。现代过程研究是提升叶蜡正构烷烃指标解译的重要环节,而目前关于落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃单体碳同位素组成(δ13Calk)的季节性变化研究还比较有限。本文对两种典型亚热带落叶乔木(小叶栎、枫香)开展了为期2年的叶蜡烷烃δ13Calk研究。两个树种叶蜡烷烃的δ13Calk值在春季偏正,随后迅速偏负,秋季变幅较小,趋于稳定。这种季节性变化特征和初期利用储存的老碳而后期利用新合成的糖类有关。在生长季末期,两种落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃相对于叶片的碳同位素分馏系数处于-6‰~-8‰,相对于文献报道的平均值偏负,这可能是因为生长季后期仍有少量的长链正构烷烃合成。研究结果揭示,基于落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃单体碳同位素进行古环境重建时需要考虑环境信号的季节性。 相似文献