Ultrastructure of Single Cells ,Callus—like and Monos—pore—like Cells in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda on Semi—slid Culture Medium

It had been demonstrated that individual or protoplasts isolated from Porphyra thallus by enzyme could develop into normal leafy thalli in the same way as monosproes,and that isolated cells develop in different way in liquid and on semi-solid media,The authors observed the ultrastructure of isolated vegetative cells cultured on semi-solid media and compared them with those of monospores and isolated cells cultured in liquid media,The results showed that subcellular struce-tures were quite different among cells in different conditions.In their development,isolated cells on semi-solid media did not show the characteristic subcellular eature of monospore formation ,such as production of fibrous vesicles,Callus-like cells formed on semi-solid media underwent a distinctive modification in cellular organization.They developed characteristic cell inclusions and a special 2-layer cell covering,Golgi bodies,ER ,starch grains,mitochondria,Vaculoes were not commonly found in them.     

Effects of sand burial on dune plants: a review

Burial of different growth stages of plants （e.g., adult plants, seedlings and seeds） is frequent in dune ecosystems. The soil micro-environment, which differs from surface conditions, influences the survival and growth of dune plants. To sum up knowledge about the survival mechanisms of plants under sand burial and to promote practical rehabilitation of dune vegetation, we reviewed relevant published literature and concluded that： （1） Focus in recent years has been on impacts of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence. Generally, shallow burial increased seed germination and seedling emergence, but deeper burial was negative. Buried at the same depth, large seeds showed higher germination and seedling emergence rates, attributed to larger energy reserves. （2） Survival, growth and reproduction rates of dune plants show plasticity in response to sand burial. Long-term deep burial is fatal because it creates a physical barrier which overcomes the vertical growth of plants, reduces photosynthetic leaf area, and limits oxygen availability to roots. Modest burial, on the other hand, is advantageous for growth and reproduction of many dune plants, due to protection from excessive temperature and drought. （3） There are few reports concerning effects of sand burial on plant physiology, but a limited number of studies indicate that partial burial increases water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rates. The antioxidant protective enzyme system and osmolyte balance were reported to be involved in the mechanisms of dune plant resistance to burial.     

条斑紫菜分子生物学研究现状

<正>条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)隶属于红藻门(Rhodophyphyta),原红藻纲(Protoflorideophyceae),红毛菜目(Bangiales),红毛菜科(Bangiaceae),紫菜属(Porphyra)。紫菜属的种类分布广泛,目前已报道的种类约有130多种[1]。我国记录定名的紫菜物种或变种有22种[2]。条斑紫菜为北太平洋西部特有的     

海洋寄生甲藻血卵涡鞭虫生活史及温度对其发展的影响

血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium spp.)是一类感染海水甲壳类的致病性寄生甲藻,在全球主要经济蟹、虾类中频繁导致流行性病害,严重危害我国沿海重要经济蟹类的渔业生产。为进一步厘清血卵涡鞭虫的生活史,通过血涂片法、H&E染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining,苏木精-伊红染色法)和体外培养方法系统研究了从我国沿海天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)中分离的血卵涡鞭虫株系的生活史,描述并比较了血卵涡鞭虫在宿主体内(血淋巴、组织)和体外培养体系中各生活史阶段的细胞形态,并进一步探究了温度对血卵涡鞭虫生活史发展的影响。结果表明,血卵涡鞭虫在感染宿主过程中经历了丝状滋养体、类变形虫滋养体、蛛网状滋养体、团块状聚合体、孢子母细胞、孢子前细胞和孢子等生活史阶段。温度显著影响血卵涡鞭虫的细胞生长发育与增殖过程;在实验低温(10℃)和高温(30℃)条件下,血卵涡鞭虫不能在宿主体内顺利寄生增殖;在15~25℃范围内,温度越高其细胞生长发育及细胞增殖速度越快,而在15℃和20℃条件下,血卵涡鞭虫可在感染的天津厚蟹体内产生大量游动孢子并释放到水体中。     

红砂种子萌发对盐胁迫及适度干旱的响应

对红砂（Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim）种子进行室内萌发实验,采用双因素正交法,设置NaCl 10个梯度(mmol·L-1):0、25、50、75、100、125、150、175、200、250;以PEG模拟干旱胁迫两个PEG浓度（g·L-1）: 0和75,测定种子萌发的12个指标,分析红砂种子萌发对NaCl胁迫及适度干旱的响应。结果表明,盐胁迫降低红砂种子萌发的发芽率,减弱种子活力,抑制胚根和胚轴生长。然而一定程度干旱胁迫（PEG75 g·L-1）可提高种子发芽率,增大种子活力,促进干重累积。耐盐隶属函数分析显示, PEG75处理下红砂种子的耐盐性高于PEG0,由此推测红砂进化出了盐胁迫与干旱胁迫的交叉适应策略。     

沙埋对河西走廊4种旱生植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

测定了驼蹄瓣(Zygophyllum fabago)、骆驼蒿(Peganum nigellastrum)、唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)和黒果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)等4种旱生植物种子重量、形状、萌发及活性,试验了沙埋深度(0、1、2、3、4、5 cm)对种子萌发、幼苗出土和生长的影响。结果表明:4种植物的种子扩散时为中度休眠;种子活性与重量、形状之间为显著负相关关系(p<0.05);种子初次萌发率与重量之间为不显著负相关关系;大而不规则种子有较低的活性,小种子扩散时有较高萌发率。随沙埋深度的增加,4种植物种子出苗率下降,首次出苗时间推迟,茎高、绝对株高和根长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,地下和地上生物量比值呈先上升后下降或随埋深增加而下降。幼苗出土和生长的最佳沙埋深度是:驼蹄瓣1~3 cm,骆驼蒿0~1 cm,唐古特白刺0~2 cm,黑果枸杞1~2 cm。在植被恢复过程中应考虑破除种子休眠的方法以及浅层沙埋等条件,以提高出苗率、增大幼苗定植率。     

广东省雷州半岛发现较大面积的半红树植物——玉蕊

<正>2012年5月在广东省湛江市拟建的雷州九龙山湿地公园规划建设过程中,发现一块有1000多株、集中连片的玉蕊Barringtoniaracemosa(L.)Spreng天然纯林。玉蕊纯林均为早期被人砍伐后重新萌发生长的次生林,高度多在4～6m,树上攀爬有较多的藤本植物,影响了其正常生长。玉蕊林位于雷州市调风镇九龙山月岭港,     

孢粉生烃热模拟试验研究—Ⅱ：蕨类孢子烷烃组分生物标志物分布

本文研究了长尾复叶耳蕨孢子原生烃类及其热演化试验产烃的烷烃生物标志物分布特征。结果表明蕨类孢子生烃在未成熟－成熟阶段以高碳烃烃类为主，在高－过成熟阶段以低碳烃烃类为主。     

孢粉化石分析技术

孢子花粉矿化程度比其它植物组织矿化程度低很多，在形成化石过程中，其外壁仍保存着原来的轮廓和构造，组成外壁的孢粉素具一定的耐酸碱性，因此可用酸碱处理孢粉化石。