新疆天山北麓水资源供需发展趋势研究

新疆天山北麓石油、天然气、煤、有色金属等矿产资源储量丰富,奎屯"金三角"地区大型石油化工基地、准东煤电、煤化工基地和以乌鲁木齐为中心的"天山北坡经济带"等均分布在该区域内,是新疆经济发展的龙头。GDP占全疆的56%,水资源却仅占全疆的11%,是严重的资源性缺水地区。目前经济社会发展,很大程度是靠超采地下水和挤占生态用水来维系的,水资源的"瓶颈"制约已成为普遍关注的焦点问题。近年来,围绕解决这一地区资源性缺水问题,跨流域供水工程相继建成或被提到议事日程,由此,受水区的水资源配置问题又成为普遍关注的热点问题。因此,通过分析预测天山北麓水资源供需发展趋势,对当地水资源及其可利用量、地下水超采情况、农业节水措施与潜力、生态环境保护目标及需水量等深入研究,结合外流域可调入的水量和社会经济发展布局,系统地提出了区域水资源合理配置及重点工程规划,这对天山北坡经济带生态环境保护和经济可持续发展具有重要意义。     

中国亚热带地区柑桔气候风险变化(英文)

Based on the citrus temperature, precipitation, sunlight and climate risk degree, the article divides subtropics of China into three types: the low risk region, the moderate risk region and the high risk region. The citrus temperature risk increases with increasing latitude (except for the western mountainous area of subtropics of China). The citrus precipitation risk in the central part of subtropics of China is higher than that in the northern and western parts. The distributions of citrus sunlight risk are not consistent to those of the citrus precipitation risk. The citrus climate risk is mainly influenced by temperature. There is latitudinal zonal law for the distribution of the climate risk, that is, the climate risk increases with increasing latitude. At the same time the climate risk in mountainous area is high and that in eastern plain area is low. There are differences in the temporal and spatial changes of the citrus climate. In recent 46 years, the citrus climate risk presents a gradual increasing trend in subtropics of China, especially it has been increasing fast since the 1980s. Because of the global warming, the low risk region in the eastern and southern parts has a gradual decreasing trend, however, the high risk region in the northern and western parts has an increasing trend and the high risk region has been extending eastward and southward. The article analyses the distribution of the citrus climate risk degree of reduction rates of >10%, >20% and >30% in subtropics of China, and studies their changes in different time periods. Results show that the risk is increasing from southeast to northwest.     

The response of annual runoff to the height change of the summertime 0°C level over Xinjiang

According to climate features and river runoff conditions, Xinjiang could be divided into three research areas: The Altay-Tacheng region, the Tianshan Mountain region and the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. Utilizing daily observations from 12 sounding stations and the annual runoff dataset from 34 hydrographical stations in Xinjiang for the period 1960–2002, the variance of the summertime 0°C level height and the changing trends of river runoff are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, through trend contrast of curves processed by a 5-point smoothing procedure and linear correlation. The variance of the summertime 0°C level height in Xinjiang correlates well with that of the annual river runoff, especially since the early 1990s, but it differs from region to region, with both the average height of the 0°C level and runoff quantity significantly increasing over time in the Altay-Tacheng and Tianshan Mountain regions but decreasing on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. The correlation holds for the whole of Xinjiang as well as the three individual regions, with a 0.01 significance level. This indicates that in recent years, climate change in Xinjiang has affected not only the surface layer but also the upper levels of the atmosphere, and this raising and lowering of the summertime 0°C level has a direct impact on the warming and wetting process in Xinjiang and the amount of river runoff. Warming due to climate change increases the height of the 0°C level, but also speeds up, ice-snow melting in mountain regions, which in turn increases river runoff, leading to a season of plentiful water instead of the more normal low flow period.     

新疆西南天山小哈拉军山辉长岩体岩石学及地球化学研究

出露于西南天山特克斯县东南的小哈拉军山辉长岩体主要由角闪辉长岩和含磁铁矿辉长岩组成。角闪辉长岩主要由单斜辉石、角闪石和斜长石组成;含磁铁矿辉长岩主要由斜长石和磁铁矿组成。这两类岩石都含少量方解石。这些方解石均呈独立矿物出现,且与长石、单斜辉石或黑云母平衡共生。这些方解石是原生碳酸盐矿物（不是后期热液蚀变的产物）。两类岩石属于钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,轻重稀土之间的分异比较明显,但不显示Eu异常。辉长岩相对富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素。岩石学和地球化学研究表明,小哈拉军山辉长岩是碳酸盐化地幔极低程度部分熔融的产物,斜长石堆晶过程对岩浆演化起重要作用。     

中亚地区中、南天山造山带构造演化及成矿背景分析

横贯中亚地区的中、南天山造山带,在元古宙末罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解时,先后以中天山南缘断裂为主线分裂出被洋区围限的众多大小不一的地块群。斜贯全区的塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂,在古生代演化过程中具有转换断层性质,明显控制了南天山东西两侧的构造演化及成矿过程的差异性发展。中天山微板块北缘发育寒武纪-奥陶纪古洋盆,其南缘西段由寒武纪到中泥盆世经历两次扩张,形成多岛洋的构造格局,其中志留纪洋区被动陆缘上的碳硅质砂页岩建造成为金矿床的最佳赋存层位;东段洋区从震旦纪开始扩张,直到晚泥盆世闭合,晚石炭世南天山东西两侧在造山构造极性上发生西段由南向北、而东段由北向南呈相反方向逆掩推覆的造山过程,同时伴有碰撞型花岗岩浆活动,形成了钨、锡、铌-钽、钼、铜、铅锌等多金属矿床。晚二叠世-三叠纪塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂以右旋走滑运动为特征,伴随有后碰撞型花岗岩浆活动,从而为汞锑成矿带的生成奠定了基础。侏罗纪塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂进入走滑拉分期。新生代印度板块向北推挤,致使南天山发生挤压缩短而强烈抬升隆起。     

青藏高原西北部帕米尔东北缘构造地貌与活动构造研究

新生代以来,印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞和持续的汇聚在青藏高原西北部的帕米尔地区造成了强烈的陆内变形,形成一系列典型的构造地貌。文章在卫片解译、DEM数据处理的基础上,结合野外地质、地貌观察与测量,对帕米尔东北缘的构造地貌与活动构造特征进行了研究,取得以下认识： 1)在英吉沙地区,通过测量地貌变形面计算出英吉沙背斜隆起高度约为230m,并利用面积平衡法估算出英吉沙背斜的最小构造缩短量约为110m,参考前人的年代学数据计算出英吉沙背斜在中更新世以来的最低隆升速率约为0.23mm/a,最小构造缩短速率约为0.11mm/a; 2)在帕米尔前缘,乌泊尔断裂为一条伴随右旋走滑分量的逆冲断裂,该断裂的右旋走滑作用错断了古近纪地层及流过断裂的河流,通过测量单次地震造成的水系错断量并参考前人研究的该地区大震复发周期约为1000年,估算出该断裂的平均走滑速率为 4.0～6.8mm/a,并推测断裂开始活动的时间大约在 2.2～3.0Ma以前; 3)对喀什地区构造地貌特征的观察与研究表明,明尧勒－喀什背斜和阿图什－踏浪河背斜可能分别为帕米尔东北缘西昆仑山山前冲断带和西南天山山前冲断带的前缘,该地区以西,帕米尔东北缘西昆仑山和西南天山两大构造系统已经发生了碰撞和拼贴。     

海盐县土地利用状况分析与对策

海盐位于浙江省东北部富庶的杭嘉湖平原,东濒杭州湾,处于长三角经济的中心地带,其中农用地面积为36246．25公顷。占土地总面积的67．8％;建设用地10182公顷,占土地总面积的19％;未利用土地7044．59公顷,占土地总面积的13-2％;全县共划定50个基本农田保护区,689个保护片,3279个保护地块,保护面积22056公顷,     

天山北麓晚全新世环境演变及其人类活动的影响

在天山北麓(坡)不同海拔、不同植被带、不同沉积相选取剖面, 进行14C测年和沉积相、孢粉、粒度、磁化率及烧失量分析, 探讨晚全新世的环境演变. 通过对比艾比湖、大西沟、东道海子、桦树窝子和四厂湖等剖面反映的环境信息, 结果表明: 晚全新世以来, 气候有冷暖干湿波动, 但干旱的总面貌未发生根本变化. 反映在植被上, 山区森林、低山丘陵区草原-荒漠草原、平原区荒漠-荒漠草原的植被景观无根本变化, 但是在森林的上下界限、平原河谷林的发育程度、平原低地草甸的面积上, 随气候的变化而发生波动.平原湖泊受环境变化的影响十分明显. 晚全新世以来, 平原湖泊水面变化频繁, 3.1～2.4 ka BP, 1.7～1.3 ka BP和1.27～0.3 ka BP时期是高湖面阶段.1.7～0.6 ka BP的中世纪, 气候比较湿润, 温暖, 平原湖泊处于高水位期, 1.7～1.3 ka BP期间天山的云杉林带下限下移, 林带加宽, 自然环境处于最好阶段.人为活动只是在近代对环境产生较大影响, 主要表现在对平原地区水系和自然绿洲的影响上, 河流流量减少、流程缩短、尾闾湖消亡、扇缘溢出带北移、地下水位降低, 泉水流量减少等成为普遍现象.人工绿洲取代自然绿洲, 自然绿洲大面积减少, 尾闾湖滨绿洲大面积消亡, 平原河谷绿洲面积减少, 扇缘溢出带绿洲和大河三角洲绿洲为人工绿洲取代.     

北天山地区中强地震震源机制解分析

利用北天山地区历史上24次中强地震震源机制解,进行系统聚类及应力场反演分析.结果表明,北天山地区中强地震震源断错性质主要以倾滑逆断层为主.多数地震的主破裂面为NW向.与其附近地震构造走向基本一致.主压应力P轴方位近NS向,倾角较小;主张应力T轴倾角较大,显示出区域应力场主要受近NS向水平挤压作用.最大主应力方向从东到西呈现出NNE-Ns-NW的渐变过程.