临港新城地质特征及其对新城规划与建设的影响分析

结合临港新城三维地质调查所取得的成果,分析了该城区地质特征及对新城建设的影响,为新城规划建设提供科学依据和服务。     

回注地下——解决气候变化问题

从地球内部开采石油、煤和天然气来供给我们能量。在这类化石燃料燃烧和释放能量时产生了不需要的二氧化碳气体,这会对全球气候产生影响。可以捕集这种二氧化碳,输送到地下并且封存,这样可从根本上减少温室气体的放出量,有助于缓解气候变化,成为向持久供应能量过渡的关键因素。     

河北太行山区泥石流崩滑演化机理与运移特征

河北省太行山区是北方泥石流地质灾害的重要发生区,该区地质构造强烈,岩石破碎,节理裂隙发育,沟谷狭窄,沟床比降大,每年7-8月份强降雨期间,沟谷源头侧壁岩土体崩塌与滑移在洪水作用下,极易演化形成泥石流。本文认真分析了该区泥石流发生的历史分布概况,研究了泥石流灾变的崩滑演化机理和运移特征。     

南海北部陆缘东、西部新生代沉积盆地基底特征对比分析

本文通过对南海北部大陆边缘东、西部新生代沉积盆地基底岩性特征、基底构造格局、地壳结构和基底沉降结构等方面的论述,分析了北部陆缘东西部的地质差异,探讨了这些差异产生的原因。认为南海北部陆缘东西部新生代沉积盆地发育于不同的构造单元上,在形成演化过程中,基底具有不同的沉降结构和构造活动性,而地壳结构的明显差异,揭示了东、西部沉积盆地形成内因的差异,东部盆地发育于拉张减薄的陆壳之上,并伴有地幔隆起与地壳的上拱作用,西部盆地则主要以地壳的裂陷作用为主。     

新地球观

One of the most important achivements on science in 20th century is the new recognition on the Earth:the Earth,out of the other planets, exhibits very peculiar features because it has an extremely complex and active periphery part (surfacial layers). This periphery part is an open system sustained by inputting solar energe , which is captured , transfered and stored by life. Through the system , cyclings of matters and energe flow are driven and regulated by life activities. This system is self-equilibrated,self-controlled and far away from astrophysical and thermodynamic equilibria mainly because of life and life activities.
Development of human calture influences increasingly on流Earth's periphery system , at last , the natural biosphere that has existed for 3 billion years on the Earth's surface will inavoidably be replaced by so called "noosphere",which is man一reconstructed,man-controlled and unstable system. Thus the fate of the Earth,to a great extent,will be determined by the direction of human calture evolution.
     

“煤特征指数”与矿井瓦斯危险类型的关系

矿井瓦斯危险程度与煤层中瓦斯赋存状况及其泄出方式有关,并取决于多种地质条件和采掘工艺。其中,煤特征条件特别重要。本文分析了湖南省的5种矿井瓦斯危险类型以及相应的煤特征条件,提出了“煤特征指数(I_c)”这一概念。I_c是一项评价矿井瓦斯危险程度的综合指标。研究表明,矿井瓦斯危险愈严重,则其I_c值愈高。应用该项成果预测了16对矿井的瓦斯危险类型,取得了满意的效果。     

High resolution profiles of trace metals in pore waters of marine and riverine sediments assessed by DET and DGT

In polluted aquatic systems, toxic metals are often accumulated in bottom sediments. They are, however, not necessarily stored definitively because diagenetic processs can modify redox, pH and even the amount of complexing ligands, releasing the trace metals back into the pore waters and the water column. Especially the labile metal fraction in the pore waters is important since this is the bioavailable fraction determining the bio-toxicity of the sediments. The goal of our study was therefore to assess, with novel sampling techniques, this bioavailable metal fraction in the pore waters as well as the flux towards the overlying water column. High-resolution profiles of trace metals in pore waters of marine and riverine sediments were assessed by DET （diffusive equilibrium in thin films） and DGT （diffusive gradients in thin films） gel techniques. The DET technique uses a diffusive gel layer that equilibrates with the aquatic system and with this technique the concentrations of total dissolved trace metals are obtained directly. The DGT technique uses an acrylamide diffusive gel backed by a resin gel （Chelex） which binds trace metals. With the DGT technique only labile species of selected metals can be captured. According to the redox potential measurements, the marine sediments were suboxic （200 mV to -220 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode）, while the riverine sediments were completely anoxic （-160 mV to -220 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode）. This redox potential was apparently controlling the trace metals species in the pore waters： for example a strong correlation between Mn and Co was found in the riverine sediments （for DET and DGT sampling）, while in the marine sediments trace metals presented various behaviors.     

Microwave-assisted extraction of organochlorine pesticides from sediments and determination by gas chromatograph with electron capture detection

A simple and rapid procedure to extract organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） from sediments by means of microwave energy is proposed. Sediment samples were irradiated with microwaves in a closed vessel system while immersed in hexane-acetone （1 ： 1, v/v）. The sample extracts were cleaned up using solid phase extraction with Florisil as adsorbent. Pesticides were eluted with hexane-ethyl acetate （80 ： 20, v/v） and determined by gas chromatographic separation with electron capture detection. Three oven programs were assayed with two different solvent mixtures in order to achieve adequate experimental conditions for the complete extraction of organochlorine pesticides from the matrix. Different variables such as the composition of extraction solvent,     

地球热带范围在扩张

美国科学家在最新一期《科学》杂志上发表论称，地球的热带地区自1979年以来不断扩大。     

浙江古代青瓷(1127～1279年)的化学组成及其意义

本文用ENGLE-型微探针能量色散X荧光光谱(EDXRF)技术测定了一批青釉瓷残片中的16种元素氧化物的含量,其残片来自浙江杭州地区的南宋郊坛窑和老虎洞窑。由主量元素判别方程的Q值表明,两类青釉瓷均属官窑制品。主成分统计分析看出,郊坛官窑与老虎洞官窑的瓷釉成分有明显不同,但其胎质成分的分布,却有部分的重叠,这显示了当时两处官窑的工匠们在使用胎料中的交往。从釉层、过渡层、和胎层的Al2O3和CaO的含量数据表明,郊坛官窑和老虎洞官窑的青釉瓷制品,分别存有厚度为120～140μm和230～240μm的过渡层,表明两处使用釉料和烧制工艺上的…