一种语音识别的可定制云计算方法

以云的方式提供语音识别服务是1种新的趋势。当前市场上的语音云都是面向通用领域的,针对这一现状,提出了1种面向特定领域,可定制的,可满足用户个性化需求的云计算方案。首先介绍了语音识别的MapReduce过程,接着描述了基于Sector/Sphere的语音识别系统组成及语音识别的Sphere处理流程,并给出了语音识别系统的云计算架构,然后探讨了语音识别的可定制实现,最后进行实验评估,证明云计算架构的语音识别系统与传统C/S架构的语音识别系统相比更具优势,且具有一定的可扩展性。     

Combining CLUE-S and SWAT models to forecast land use change and non-point source pollution impact at a watershed scale in Liaoning Province,China

Non-point source （NPS） pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent （CLUE-S） and Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. How- ever, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effec- tively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.     

Land use effects on soil organic carbon,microbial biomass and microbial activity in Changbai Mountains of Northeast China

Land use changes are known to alter soil organic carbon （SOC） and microbial properties, however, information about how conversion of natural forest to agricultural land use as well as plantations affects SOC and microbial properties in the Changbai Moun- tains of Northeast China is meager. Soil carbon content, microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, basal respiration and soil carbon mineraliza- tion were studied in five selected types of land use： natural old-growth broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest （NF）; spruce plantation （SP） established following clear-cutting of NF; cropland （CL）; ginseng farmland （GF） previously under NF; and a five-year Mongolian oak young forest （YF） reforested on an abandoned GF, in the Changbai Mountains of Northeast China in 2011. Results showed that SOC content was significantly lower in SP, CL, GF, and YF than in NF. MBC ranged from 304.4 mg/kg in CL to 1350.3 mg/kg in NF, which was significantly higher in the soil of NF than any soil of the other four land use types. The SOC and MBC contents were higher in SP soil than in CL, GF, and YF soils, yielding a significant difference between SP and CL. The value of basal respiration was also higher in NF than in SP, CL, GF, and YF. Simultaneously, higher values of the metabolic quotient were detected in CL, GF, and YF soils, indicat- ing low substrate utilization of the soil microbial community compared with that in NF and SP soil. The values of cumulative mineral- ized carbon and potentially mineralized carbon （Co） in NF were significantly higher than those in CL and GF, while no significant dif- ference was observed between NF and SP. In addition, YF had higher values of Co and C mineralization rate compared with GF. The results indicate that conversion from NF into agricultural land （CL and GF） uses and plantation may lead to a reduction in soil nutrients （SOC and MBC） and substrate utilization efficiency of the microbial community. By contrast, soils below SP were more conducive to the preservation of soil organic matter, which was reflected in the comparison of microbial indicators among CL, GF, and YF land uses. This study can provide data for evaluating soils nutrients under different land use types, and serve as references for the rational land use of natural forest in the study area.     

全球地表覆盖遥感制图项目通过评审

近日,国家863计划重点项目“全球地表覆盖遥感制图与关键技术研究”项目在京通过国家测绘地理信息局组织的专家评审。全球地表覆盖遥感制图与关键技术研究项目通过建立以地表覆盖类型精细化提取、多源影像最优化处理、参考资料信息化整合、     

土地数字化,确保耕地保护绝不动摇——权威专家解读第二次全国土地调查工作成果

正全国土地调查是重大的国情国力调查。自1996年完成第一次全国土地调查十全年间,土地利用状况发生了很大变化,原有的土地调查数据成果难以满足需要。2006年12月,国务院部署开展第二次全国土地调查,并成立了12个部委局组成的领导小组。2007年7月,国务院召开电视电话会议,全面部署这项工作。历时三年,全面完成了调查任务。     

县级土地利用总体规划模式研究

正土地利用规划模式是指编制土地利用规划的基本形式。本文在总结我国县级土地利用总体规划的经验和不足基础上,试图提出构建适应新时期需要的土地利用总体规划模式。1.模式构建的原则系统控制原则。这一原则是区域性土地利用总体规划功能的要求。土地利用总体规划是涉及自然、社会、经济诸方面的复杂的自然—社会—经济复合系统,在规划模式构建中要以系统论和控制论为指导,设计出具备有效控制功能的模式体系。县级土地利用总体规划模式构建     

辽宁将夯实国土资源全过程执法

正记者从近日召开的辽宁省国土资源工作会上了解到,今年辽宁国土资源执法工作将与土地利用变更调查紧密衔接,进一步夯实全过程执法和全程监管工作。去年,辽宁国土资源执法监察工作力度空前,通过建立健全土地执法全过程监管机制,强化各级     

王世元:透视国情数据 增强忧患意识

正作为一次重大国情国力调查,第二次全国土地调查主要数据成果去年12月底发布。为什么每组数据都饱含渗透纸背的忧患感?就相关问题,国土资源部副部长、国务院第二次全国土地调查领导小组办公室主任王世元接受了记者专访。     

刘彦随:对挤占生态空间说“不”

正第二次全国土地调查主要数据成果显示,当前我国土地利用状况发生了显著变化,生态环境形势仍很严峻,城乡生态空间被挤压的问题日趋严重。如何切实保护生态空间、建设生态文明?如何科学划定生态红线?如何完善生态修复制度和生态补偿制度?针对这些热点问题,北京师范大学长江学者特聘教授刘彦随进行了解读。     

流转设“线” 规模有“度”——对推进农地规模化经营的思考

正针对日前国家下发的《关于引导农村土地经营权有序流转发展农业适度规模经营的意见》,有关专家认为,过分追求土地规模化,将颠覆传统土地利用模式,危害水土资源安全,并对部分农户产生挤出效应,必须把握土地流转"有序"和规模经营"适度"。中央确定了推进农村土地规模化经营的政策方