一株深海中等嗜热嗜酸菌的分离及鉴定

从太平洋热液区样品中分离纯化到一株中等嗜热嗜酸菌,命名为TPY。文中对该菌株的形态、生理生化特征1、6S rDNA序列以及亚铁和单质硫氧化活性进行了研究。TPY菌株为短杆状,革兰氏阳性菌,大小为(0.3~0.5)μm×(1~3)μm;最适生长温度为50℃,最适生长pH值为1.8;该菌既能利用亚铁盐、单质硫自养生长,也能利用酵母粉、葡萄糖、蛋白胨和甘油等有机物异养生长;TPY菌与Sulfobacillus acidophilus(AB089842)的16S rDNA序列高度相似,其同源性为99%。这些结果表明,TPY菌是一株来自深海的嗜酸硫化芽孢杆菌(Sulfobacillus acidophilus),该菌的成功分离将有助于对太平洋热液区微生物种群结构的全面了解。同时,TPY菌对亚铁和单质硫的良好氧化能力显示出其在生物浸矿中的应用潜力。     

A culture-dependent survey of thermophilic bacteria from hot springs in Xiamen area in China

Microbes are believed to play important roles in ecosystem function in many environments. The hot springs of Xiamen Island are close to the Xiamen Sea, and may have some characteristics different from those of inland hot springs. Microbes living in the hot springs of Xiamen may have new characteristics. However, little is known about microbial communities of hot springs close to the Xiamen Sea. A cuhure-dependent survey of microbial population in the Xiamen hot springs was pcrformed by using an approach combining total cellular protein profile identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 328 isolates of bacteria were obtained from liquid and sediment samples from the Xiamen hot springs, including neutrophilie thermophilic bacteria and moderately thermophilic acidophiles. Neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria, which grow at a temperature range of 55-90℃ including Rhodothermus marinus (Strain 1) , Thermus thermophilus (Strain 2), Thermus thiopara (Strain 3) , Geobacillus stearothermophilus(Strain 4) , Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Strain 5) , and Pseudomonas pseudoal-caligenes (Strain 6), were recovered by 2216E plates. Moderately thermophilic acidophiles, which can grow at temperatures above 50℃ and a pH range of 1. 8-3.5 such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (Strain 8) , Sul-fobacillus acidophilus (Strain 9), and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (Strain 10), were isolated on selective solid medium containing sulfur and Fe2+. Among these strains, Rhodothermus marinus, Thermus thermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are not only thermophilcs, but also halophiles. One bacterium strain (Strain 6) shared 99% nucleotide sequence homology with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on the 16S rRNA gene se-quence, but was quite different from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in biological characteristics, suggesting that it may represent a novel thermophilic species. Results indicated that various species of neutrophilic thermophiles and moderately thermophilic acidophiles were widely distributed in the Xiamen hot springs and that Rhodother-mus marinus and Thermus thermophilus dominated the cultivable microbial community.     

锯缘青蟹混合感染症致病菌的分离鉴定与感染治疗

从汕头市牛田洋水产养殖区的患病锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata中分离纯化到2株优势细菌,在TCBS培养基上生长,颜色呈黄色的命名为HY,呈绿色的命名为HG,两者都是革兰氏阴性杆菌.人工感染此两株细菌的健康青蟹均产生与自然病蟹相同的症状和组织病理变化,并导致死亡,说明它们都是青蟹的病原菌.以这两种细菌的DNA为模板,采用细菌16S rRNA基因的通用引物进行PCR扩增,测序后分别获得HY的1509bp和HG的1532bp核苷酸序列.通过基因序列同源性比对和系统发育树分析,结合细菌生理生化特性分析,HY和HG分别被鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila和副溶血弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus.这是首次报道嗜水气单胞菌为青蟹的病原菌.两种病原菌均对阿莫西林、氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、链霉素高度敏感,对磺胺嘧啶、甲砜霉素中度敏感,对青霉素钠不敏感.采用嗜水气单胞菌浸泡感染或注射感染青蟹,发病后进行阿莫西林药浴3天,均获得100%的治疗效果.     

校园网蠕虫综合防御系统的设计和应用

在蠕虫综合防御思想的基础上,应用各种防御技术,设计1个校园网蠕虫综合防御系统。采用分布式架构,不同类型的Agent独立运行,互相协作配合,共同进行蠕虫防御。系统中采用疫苗更新机制,提高了整体效率。仿真实验和实际应用表明,该系统对提高校园网络的安全性能够起到良好作用。     

养殖欧洲鳗鲡狂游病的病原体研究

从患狂游病的病鳗体内进行病原菌分离,得到３株菌,编号为９８０１,９８０２,９８０３。经人工感染,确定９８０１,９８０３两菌株为致病菌。从人工感染的病鱼分邝得到２菌株,编号为９８０４,９８０５。４菌株的特征具有明显的一致性：革兰氏阴性,短杆状,氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、精氨酸双水解酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶、ＶＰ反应,吲哚试验显阳性,鸟氨酸脱羧酶、尿酶、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶阴性,鉴定９８０１,９８０３,９８０４,９８０５     

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)致病性类志贺邻单胞菌的分离与生化药敏鉴定

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)是名贵洄游性鱼类,由于高密度养殖等因素导致病害频发。2021年7月强台风"烟花"过境后浙江省宁海县养殖香鱼暴发体表溃烂病,死亡严重。病鱼皮肤、肌肉溃烂并伴有周围皮肤充血。组织切片观察显示病鱼患处肌纤维断裂,周围红细胞、炎性细胞浸润;鳃丝和鳃小片中红细胞增多;肝细胞核呈空泡,部分细胞核染色质边集;脾脏内红细胞数量减少,部分白细胞聚集;肠黏膜上皮细胞脱落。从患病香鱼肠中分离到一株菌(编号NH21),其菌落低突、边缘光滑表面湿润,该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,菌体呈短杆状、端圆。经生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定NH21菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)。用该菌株对健康香鱼进行回归感染后,人工感染香鱼呈现与本次体表溃烂病香鱼相似的症状,经计算NH21菌株对香鱼的半致死剂量(LD₅₀)为2.51×10⁷ CFU/mL。25种抗生素的药敏试验显示NH21菌株对阿奇霉素、头孢氨苄、新生霉素、多黏菌素B、头孢西丁、呋喃唑酮6种抗生素敏感。从NH21菌株中检出了毒力基因9个、耐药基因8个。综合分析表明,分离得到的类志贺邻单胞菌NH21菌株是本次宁海县香鱼体表溃烂病的病原菌,研究结果为香鱼出现类似病症的预防和治疗提供了基础资料。     

印度又获深水气发现

2003年,印度国家石油天然气有限公司(ONGC)获海上第1口深水气发现井。该井水深428m,完井深度267m,在1650～2133m深度范围内,钻穿56m厚的上新世地层。     

金川铜镍硫化物精矿中有价金属分离实验研究

本文以金川铜镍硫化物精矿为研究对象,对比研究了A.f.菌浸出与硫酸酸溶浸出对铜镍硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu的提取效果。为了进一步优化硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu浸出效果,考察了微生物-硫酸浸出与硫酸-微生物浸出对精矿中Co、Ni和Cu提取的影响。结果表明:Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+微生物-硫酸浸出率可分别达到85.05%、98.32%和95.31%。微生物-硫酸浸出加速了硫化物矿物的溶解,促进了硫化物矿物中有价金属Co、Ni、Cu的浸出,大大提高了有价金属Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+的浸出率。     

气体钻井转水基钻井条件下泥页岩水侵规律

运用数学模型和实验模拟,开展了针对气体钻井转水基钻井条件下泥页岩近井壁地带的水侵规律研究.通过数学模型对该条件下的水侵过程进行模拟,得到了泥页岩近井壁地带内的含水饱和度和孔隙水(气)压力分布,并依据含水饱和度计算出水侵距离,对水侵范围进行了预测.同时,运用西南石油大学国家重点实验室欠平衡钻井室自主研发的欠平衡钻井多功能...