Scenario Analysis on the Adaptation of Different Maize Varieties to Future Climate Change in Northeast China

Based on gridded meteorological data for the period 1981–2100 from the RegCM3 regional model, the changing trends of climatic resources in Northeast China are analyzed, and the distributions of maize varieties are accordingly adjusted. In order to explore the effects of different adaptation countermeasures on climatic productivity and meteorological suitability in the future, maize cultivars with resistance to high temperatures and/or drought are selected. The results show that, in the future, there is likely to be a significant increase in thermal resources, and potential atmospheric evaporation will increase correspondingly.Meanwhile, radiation is predicted to increase significantly during 2041–2070 in the growing season. However, changes in precipitation are unlikely to be sufficient enough to offset the intensification in atmospheric evaporation caused by the temperature increase. Water resources and high temperatures are found to be the two major factors constraining grain yield. The results also show that the warming climate will be favorable for maize production where thermal resources are already limited, such as in central and northern Heilongjiang Province and eastern Jilin Province; while in areas that are already relatively warm, such as Liaoning Province, climatic productivity will be reduced. The climatic productivity and the meteorological suitability of maize are found to improve when the planting of resistant varieties is modeled. The utilization of agricultural climatic resources through the adaptation countermeasures of maize varieties is to increase obviously with time. Specifically, maize with drought-resistant properties will have a marked influence on meteorological suitability during 2011–2070, with suitable areas expanding. During 2071–2100, those maize varieties with their upper limit of optimum temperature and maximum temperature increased by 2℃, or water requirement reduced to 94%, or upper limit of optimum temperature and maximum temperature increased by 1℃ and water requirement reduced to 98%, all exhibit significant differences in climatic potential productivity, compared to the present-day varieties. The meteorological suitability of maize is predicted to increase in some parts of Heilongjiang Provine, with the eastern boundary of the "unavailable" area shifting westward.     

福州平原两种水稻品种稻田的CH4和N2O排放通量动态

采用静态箱一气相色谱法,以常规稻为参照对象,研究福州平原地区目前正在广泛推广的超级稻稻田的甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放通量特征.结果表明,稻田CH4排放主要集中在水稻分蘖期,其CH4排放量分别占常规稻和超级稻稻田总排放量的76.7％和64.1％;常规稻稻田CH4排放通量范围为0.09～16.90 mg/(m2·h),超级稻稻田CH4排放通量范围为0.11～14.30 mg/(m2·h);在整个水稻种植期,超级稻稻田平均CH4排放通量比常规稻稻田约减少3.6％;常规稻稻田的平均N2O通量为7.7μg/(m2·h),超级稻稻田的平均N2O通量为18.0μg/(m2·h);水稻成熟期常规稻和超级稻稻田的N2O通量占总通量的50％以上,分别达到了55.7％和66.9％.从综合温室效应看,常规稻稻田的综合增温潜势为2 264.5 kg/hm2 CO2,超级稻稻田的综合增温潜势为1 977.04 kg/hm2 CO2,超级稻稻田的综合增温潜势比常规稻稻田低12.7％.在相同管理条件下,种植超级稻可以降低稻田的综合温室效应,并提高水稻产量.     

饱受众人喜爱的尤物——翡翠

缅甸北部有一条大河,当地人称其为"乌龙河",这里盛产世界顶级的翡翠.近几年来,翡翠日益成为风靡街市、饱受众人喜爱的尤物可惜,目前市场上的翡翠饰虽品种繁多、样式多样、但品质良莠不齐,让很多人困惑不已.该如何鉴定翡翠的优劣呢?下面的文字将带你识其表,观其本.     

论壮族地区的水稻种植与环境适应的关系

水稻种植过程中,常具有浓厚的环境适应的特征。分布在不同地貌区的壮族是典型的稻作民族,已充分意识到所在地区气候、土壤等自然地理环境对水稻种植的深刻影响。为适应自然地理环境,发挥最大的生产效益,山居壮族多选择种植生长期较长、耐寒、耐肥的粳稻为主;在平原丘陵地区的壮族则以种植生长期短的籼稻居多;为适应岩溶山区干旱少水、不利于灌溉的环境,当地壮族则多种陆稻,但由于陆稻口感不佳以及所在地区人地关系由宽趋紧,导致陆稻在壮族种植结构中的地位不断下降。此外,壮族在生活中对水稻用途的定位,也影响到水稻品种的选择与种植。     

工信部解读《钢铁工业“十二五”发展规划》

工信部日前印发《钢铁工业"十二五"发展规划》。"十二五"期间,钢铁工业"由大变强"如何走,产能、布局、原料等新目标如何落实……针对这些问题,工信部有关负责人7日对《规划》作了权威解读。提高品种质量据了解,我国钢铁工业在钢材品种质量方面的不足,主要表现为量大面广的产品档次低,质量和稳定性较差,高端产品的研发生产能力不强,与下游行业衔接不畅。为此,《规划》从提高产品质量、增强稳定性、满足下游需求三方面提出品种质量的具体发展目标。     

新的宝石品种—硼铝钙石（johachidolite）

1998年 ,英国宝石协会珠宝鉴定实验室发现了一种新的宝石品种 :硼铝钙石 (ｊｏｈａｃｈｉｄｏｌｉｔｅ)。发现过程是这样的 :有人送来一颗切割好了的淡黄色宝石要求鉴定。但常规的折射率、比重、荧光、滤色镜等方法的鉴定结果无法与任何一种已知宝石对应。后来经建议做了电子探针微束分析 ,结果出现Ｃａ、Ａｌ,但总量很低 ,暗示着还有一种或几种元素在电子探针测量范围之外 :即原子序数低于Ｓ。经主人同意后 ,从宝石表面取一些粉末 ,用来做Ｘ射线衍射分析 ,结果与稀有硼族矿物硼铝钙石相符。再与其拉曼谱图对照 ,得以证实。专家们基本上排除…     

耐抗稳健的Ⅲ型乘法频率曲线—原理与方法

基于概率乘法定理和中位数，提出了Ⅲ型乘法频率曲线的原理、方法。P（K≥k)=1-0.5^D,D=(a-1)/(a^(k^c)-1),0.5是中位数频率。用密度参数a、c直接配线的方法非常简易。是一种耐抗和稳健的线型和方法。     

优质柑橘引种的气候适应性分析

近年来四川省柑橘在经历了面积和产量的迅猛增长后，出现了季节性过剩和结构性过剩现象，迫使柑橘生产从产量数量型向质量效益型转变。目前，大量柑橘优良品种在各地引进推广，迫切需要进行最佳区域选择和气候适应性论证。本文从影响柑橘品质的立地气候条件入手，提出了柑橘优质果生产的适地性条件和选择方法。     

地图市场一定要健康有序--访国家测绘局局长陈邦柱

为了贯彻落实国务院办公厅转发的国家测绘局、国家工商行政管理总局、新闻出版总署、外经贸部、海关总署、外交部《关于整顿和规范地图市场秩序的意见》的通知精神,国家测绘局于2001年11月2日在京召开了整顿和规范地图市场秩序工作电视电话会议,统一部署全国整顿和规范地图市场秩序工作。整顿和规范地图市场秩序是测绘部门履行政府职能的一件大事,对于保证地图市场健康有序地发展,维护我国的国家权益,具有十分重要的意义。为了让大家进一步了解地图、认识地图,从而增强我们的版图意识,这里特别刊出本刊记者对国家测绘局局长陈邦柱同志的采访报道。     

萧山花卉越夏生产与山地气候资源应用分析

蝴蝶兰、仙客来、一品红、大花蕙兰等花卉品种在平原地区越夏时会因受到高温干旱的影响,而导致生长不良或出现休眠现象,极难培养,移入山区或半山区进行夏季保养是一较好途径.本文对萧山山地气候资源和花卉山区越夏生长性状进行试验评估,提出了合理利用夏季高山温凉多光照的气候优势的建议,可以有效改变目前花卉远途输送、异地越夏的现状,提高花卉生产的经济效益.