同震和震后应力变化引起的正断层作用

了解地震事件沿着发震构造重复发生的过程是地球物理研究工作的一个重要内容。近年来，通过对地应力变化的静态以及动态分析，研究了由地震破裂引起的断层相互作用和触发作用，启发这项研究工作的一个基本的假定是：地震扰动断裂带附近的应力状态能激发或延滞其后的地震破裂。     

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NIUSHOU MOUNTAIN AND ITS GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN CENTRAL NINGXIA

There are many thrust-related structures occurring in the Paleozoic strata of the Niushou Mountain in the central part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The fault-related folds are the typical structures in this area. Based on the analysis about these structures and their relationships, the processes by which these structures of the Miboshan Formation were formed are reconstructed, and the strata underwent about three stages of deformation: (1) horizontal shortening, (2) folding, and (3) thrusting. And the fact that the Niushou Mountain is the leading edge of an old thrust sheet was proved, the Niushou Mountain, the Daluo Mountain and the Xiaoluo Mountain together constitute the front part of this old thrust zone, so the Niushou Mountain and the Ordovician strata in the central and southern parts of Ningxia now are likely allochthons. In the period from middle Ordovician to Devonian, the areas of the central and southern Ningxia belonged to the back-arc foreland basin of North Qilianshan orogen, which was adjacent to the continent in the north. In the later part of the early Paleozoic period, the Niushou Mountain was formed after the closure of the back-arc foreland basin.     

POSITIVE INVERSION STRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL STRUCTURE BELT IN TURPAN-HAMI BASIN

The central structure belt in Turpan-Hami basin is composed of the Huoyanshan structure and Qiketai structure formed in late Triassic-early Jurassic, and is characterized by extensional tectonics. The thickness of strata in the hanging wall of the growth fault is obviously larger than that in the footwall, and a deposition center was evolved in the Taibei sag where the hanging wall of the fault is located. In late Jurassic the collision between Lhasa block and Eurasia continent resulted in the transformation of the Turpan-Hami basin from an extensional structure into a compressional structure, and consequently in the tectonic inversion of the central structure belt of the Turpan-Hami basin from the extensional normal fault in the earlier stage to the compressive thrust fault in the later stage. The Tertiary collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate occurred around 55Ma, and this Himalayan orogenic event has played a profound role in shaping the Tianshan area, only the effect of the collision to this area was delayed since it culminated here approximately in late Oligocene-early Miocene. The central structure belt was strongly deformed and thrusted above the ground as a result of this tectonic event.     

全国地层委员会南华系候选层型剖面野外现场研讨会纪要

全国地层委员会于２００２年１０月２４—３０日在湖北宜昌组织召开了《南华系候选层型剖面野外现场研讨会》。全国地层委员会副主任兼秘书长王泽九研究员，全国地层委员会副主任叶天竺研究员，全国地层委员会地层单位分类及地层名称审核分委员会副主席、中国地质调查局基础调查部副主任庄育勋研究员，前寒武纪地层分会主席、副主席和上前寒武系工作组组长陆松年研究员、孙卫国研究员、尹崇玉研究员及其成员等有关专家、领导２０多人参加了会议。会议重点考察了原震旦系标准剖面所在地湖北宜昌峡东地区的南华系剖面和“南华系”专题组建议的…     

井震结合井间等时地层对比方法及其应用

井间地层对比是油气勘探开发的重要内容.由于测井资料的井间对比存在穿时问题,因此提出一种井震结合的等时地层对比方法.从岩心资料出发,利用岩心资料对测井资料进行刻度,并充分利用现代测井新技术,对测井资料进行岩相、沉积(微)相划分和层序地层分析.通过合成地震记录与层位标定,把单井分析结果标注到地震剖面上去,确定地震反射同相轴的地质意义.分别利用测井资料和地震资料确定岩相、沉积相以及层序地层特征,通过层位标定后,使得这些特征在剖面上和空间上达到一致来保证标定结果的准确性.在具有等时意义的地震强同相轴的控制下,参考约束地震反演剖面,根据高分辨率层序划分结果完成井间等时地层对比.这样的对比保证了井间对比的等时性,又确定了地震反射同相轴的地质意义,使测井、地震、地质三者紧密结合.这一方法对于建立正确的地层模型具有重要的指导意义.通过在胜坨油田某区块的实际应用,取得了良好的效果.     

煤层上覆地层含水不均匀性电法探测的可能性

煤田上覆岩层中含水直接对煤层的开采构成威胁，本文先从理论上阐述了电阻率勘探可以探测煤层上覆地层含水不均匀性的可能性，然后用简单的断层型薄层含水模型的CSAMT正演模拟结果展示出：地下900m深处，尽管只有20m厚的的含水岩层，但在电阻率剖面上该薄层的反映具有非常明显的特征，从理论上和数值模拟实例说明，一定深度内一定厚度的薄层含水性的电阻率法探测是可能的。