台湾海峡北部冬季水文特性对叶绿素a分布变化的作用

营养盐是限制浮游植物生长的主要因素之一 ,但在冬季 ,温度也是浮游植物生长繁殖的控制因素。台湾海峡北部的水文情况复杂 ,低温低盐高营养盐的沿岸水与来自台湾海峡南部的高温高盐低营养盐水相互消长［１］,必定影响海区内营养物质及温度的分布及变化 ,这势必对海区浮游植物的生长及叶绿素ａ的分布和变化起到重要的控制作用。本文根据１９９８年２月在台湾海峡北部的调查资料 ,研究了海区内重要水文特征对于叶绿素ａ分布变化的作用。１材料与方法１９９８年２月 ,福建海洋研究所与厦门大学联合在台湾海峡北部进行了综合性海洋调查。观测站…     

大鹏湾盐田海域春季叶绿素a日变化及其影响因素初步分析

根据１９９０年３－５月在大鹏湾盐田海域观测的资料分析结果，春季大鹏湾盐田海域叶绿素含量的日变化呈多峰曲线型，其测值范围为０．０８－５．１８ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，平均为１．２１ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，其中４月份叶绿素ａ含量变化较小，只有个别测值小于１．００ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，５月份波动相对较大，变动范围在０．０８－２．５１ｍｇ／ｍ＾３之间。     

2000年秋季黄、东海典型海区叶绿素a的时空分布及其粒径组成特征

分析了 2 0 0 0年秋季黄、东海几个典型海区的叶绿素 a调查资料 ,结果表明 :在没有温跃层存在的海区 ,叶绿素 a的垂直分布是均匀的 ,昼夜 (2 4 h)变化的幅度也很小 ,且上、下层不同粒径的浮游植物所含叶绿素 a的比例变化也不大。但在明显存在温跃层的海区中 ,叶绿素 a的垂直变化明显 ,昼夜变化的幅度较大 ,且在温跃层的上、下方显示相反的变化规律 ;不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素 a的比例组成在温跃层上、下方明显不同 ,在温跃层的下方 ,较大粒径 (2～ 2 0μm,>2 0μm)的叶绿素 a所占的比例明显大于其在表层水中所占的比例     

三种海洋微藻叶绿素a含量对抗生素胁迫的响应变化

实验室条件下,研究不同抗生素胁迫对小球藻(Chlorella vulgarisBeij.)、金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana Parke8701.)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteriumEhr.)生长的影响。结果表明:1)低于100μg.mL-1的氯霉素作用下,小球藻和金藻8701叶绿素a含量变化与对照组无明显差异;小新月菱形藻叶绿素a含量显著降低。2)不同浓度梯度的遗传霉素(G418),均显著抑制3种微藻叶绿素a含量的增加。3)青霉素浓度低于100μg.mL-1时,能够促进3种藻叶绿素a的增加,但不同微藻间叶绿素a含量的相对增长率存在明显差异。试验结果可为微藻的基因工程选择标记和无菌培养体系的建立提供参考。     

大太阳天顶角下水色卫星叶绿素遥感探测能力研究

本文利用考虑地球曲率的矢量辐射传输模型PCOART-SA,对大太阳天顶角下叶绿素浓度的卫星遥感探测极限能力进行了模拟研究。结果表明:太阳-传感器几何参数,尤其是太阳天顶角对叶绿素浓度变化的探测极限能力影响较大;大太阳天顶角下,卫星对叶绿素浓度变化的探测能力下降十几倍。在典型陆架水体（叶绿素浓度为1 μg/L）,低太阳天顶角（30°）时,叶绿素浓度变化探测极限为0.012 8 μg/L（约为原浓度的1.2%）,而大太阳天顶角（80°）时,探测极限为0.136 μg/L（约为原浓度的13.6%）。相比于太阳天顶角,观测天顶角增大造成的叶绿素浓度探测能力衰减较小。叶绿素浓度越高,吸收作用越强,对卫星遥感器的辐射探测灵敏度、定标及大气校正精度的要求越高。     

夏季南海西部叶绿素浓度高值带的年际变化

基于1998-2013年SeaWiFS和MODIS传感器的叶绿素浓度资料,本文分析了夏季南海西部叶绿素浓度高值带的年际变化规律。夏季,叶绿素及营养盐在海流的作用下离岸输送,从而在南海西部形成叶绿素浓度高值带,其分布与东向急流的流向一致。分析结果显示,高值带分布主要受13°N以南海域风场的调控,且滞后风场1周。当13°N以南海域受异常东北风（西南风）控制时,高值带位于其多年平均位置以北（南）。     

盐胁迫对大米草反射光谱和叶绿素浓度的影响

为促进海岸带生态系统的完整性和健康可持续发展,本文以滨海湿地盐沼植被大米草为研究对象,进行不同盐分浓度(10,20,30)胁迫处理,并对比分析不同盐分含量对各个测定期内的大米草叶片反射光谱和叶绿素浓度的影响。结果表明:大米草叶片叶绿素浓度在高盐胁迫下变化最显著,然后依次是中盐胁迫、低盐胁迫。大米草叶片反射光谱在不同的盐分胁迫下,曲线变化主要体现在绿光波段的反射峰和680nm附近的抬升程度;叶绿素浓度越低,抬升越明显。光谱特征参量D725/D702,D715/D702,D725/D722,BmSR,mSR,mND,NDI,DD的变化趋势与叶片叶绿素浓度演变趋势一致;胁迫程度不同,光谱特征参量的变化幅度也不同。该研究可为大田试验条件下探讨滨海湿地盐沼植被盐分胁迫反射光谱响应机理提供理论参考。     

东海细菌丰度和生产力的季节变化及与浮游植物生物量和生产力的关系

The East China Sea is a productive marginal sea with a wide continental shelf and plays an important role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and transferring terrigenous organic matter to the open ocean. To investigate the roles of heterotrophic bacteria in the biogeochemical dynamics in the East China Sea, bacterial biomasses(BB) and productions(BP) were measured in four cruises. The spatial distributions of the BB and the BP were highly season-dependent. Affected by the Changjiang River discharge, the BB and the BP were high in shelf waters(bottom depth not deeper than 50 m) and generally decreased offshore in August 2009. In December 2009 to January 2010, and November to December 2010, the BB and the BP were high in waters with medium bottom depth. The onshore-offshore decreasing trends of the BB and the BP also existed in May–June 2011, when the BB was significantly higher than in other cruises in shelf break waters(bottom depth deeper than 50 m but not deeper than 200 m). The results of generalized additive models(GAM) suggest that the BB increased with the temperature at a range of 8-20°C, increased with the chlorophyll concentration at a range of 0.02–3.00 mg/m3 and then declining, and decreased with the salinity from 28 to 35. The relationship between the temperature and the log-transformed bacterial specific growth rate(SGR) was linear. The estimated temperature coefficient(Q10) of the SGR was similar with that of the phytoplankton growth. The SGR also increased with the chlorophyll concentration. The ratio of the bacterial to phytoplankton production ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.40, being significantly higher in November–December 2010 than in May–June 2011. Calculated from the bacterial production and growth efficiency, the bacterial respiration consumed, on average, 59%, 72% and 23% of the primary production in August 2009, November–December 2010, and May–June 2011, respectively.     

基于遥感数据对比南海和阿拉伯海夏季叶绿素a浓度

The South China Sea(SCS) and the Arabian Sea(AS) are both located roughly in the north tropical zone with a range of similar latitude(0°–24°N). Monsoon winds play similar roles in the upper oceanic circulations of the both seas. But the distinct patterns of chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration are observed between the SCS and the AS.The Chl a concentration in the SCS is generally lower than that in the AS in summer(June–August); the summer Chl a concentration in the AS shows stronger interannual variation, compared with that in the SCS; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)-derived data present higher atmospheric aerosol deposition and stronger wind speed in the AS. And it has also been found that good correlations exist between the index of the dust precipitation indicated by aerosol optical thickness(AOT) and the Chl a concentration, or between wind and Chl a concentration. These imply that the wind and the dust precipitation bring more nutrients into the AS from the sky, the sub-layer or coast regions, inducing higher Chl a concentration. The results indicate that the wind velocity and the dust precipitation can play important roles in the Chl a concentration for the AS and the SCS in summer. However aerosol impact is weak on the biological productivity in the west SCS and wind-induced upwelling is the main source.     

中国近海区域浮游植物生态对气候变化的响应

我国近海区域对气候变化高度敏感,浮游植物生态的变化关系到我国近海生态安全.采用重构的遥感数据等资料,分析并综述我国近海区域浮游植物叶绿素a浓度、初级生产力和浮游植物群落结构对气候变化背景下海水升温、风场等环境因子的响应.结果表明,东(南)中国海叶绿素a浓度略有上升(下降)的趋势,但浮游植物群落结构和生物量有明显的变化;其中,微微型浮游植物和甲藻占比增加,小型浮游植物物种成为海区优势种,暖水性种分布区北扩,而这与气候变化背景下海洋热动力环境的长期变化及其对营养盐供给的影响关系密切.分析还指出了气候变化对我国近海区域海洋生态影响研究迫切需要开展的若干工作.