外成作用监测时滑坡位移的植物指示

本文旨在探讨外成作用临测时利用滑坡位移调查分析的植物指示方法的一些概念。根据滑坡出现的机制正在研究两种类型滑坡：断块滑坡和粘塑性滑坡,每一种滑坡首先要分成假设稳定期和活跃期。应用以下分析：植物区系分析,生态群落分析和植物群落中不同种类生态群落组的关系：生命形态同生物形态概念的比较分析,生态分析和植物群落中不同种类生态组的关系,个别种类的地植物学特征,借助Cepeceнa-Чekaobckий共性系数分析滑坡不同单元之间每一个区段内部描述的植物群落种类组成的共同点。在对128种描述过程分析的基础上,得出可以采用任意一种方法的结论。     

三种红树根部组织抗氧化酶活性对水淹胁迫的响应

以自然种群高程分布为根据, 选择对潮汐浸泡耐性存在一定差异的白骨壤(Avicennia marina)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)为实验树种。对3种红树幼苗进行为期0d、1d、3d、5d、7d、14d的水淹处理, 测定其根部组织的过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性、抗坏血酸氧化酶(ascorbic acid oxidase, APX)活性和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性。水淹处理会导致植物根部组织受低氧胁迫从而破坏活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)生产和消除的平衡, ROS大量累积给植物带来氧化损伤。实验测定与清除ROS有关的酶指标, 结果表明POD活性在1d至14d的水淹周期内随时间呈现上升趋势, 这可能与POD参与活性氧以及乙醇、乳酸等有毒物质的反应有关。CAT、SOD、APX活性均呈现应激上升后下降趋势, 由此推断该系列抗氧化酶在水淹胁迫发生前中期对消除红树植物根部组织大量产生的活性氧具有重要意义。抗氧化酶系在3种红树植物中的表达存在一定差异, 但整体仍呈相似的变化趋势。通过层次聚类法对各项酶活性指标分析后发现, 白骨壤抗氧化酶系的活性模式与木榄和桐花树的存在一定差异, 但没有发现木榄与桐花树抗氧化酶系统表达模式的明显差异。本研究旨在更好地了解红树林对水淹胁迫的生理适应机制, 为红树林生态系统保护与管理提供理论依据。     

闽江口外海域MIS 5和MIS 3的地震地层学特征和古环境

通过闽江口外海域进行的高分辨率浅地震剖面(拖筏)调查,揭示了MIS 6末期以来最大厚度约90 m的沉积地层。研究了MIS 5和MIS 3地震层序的反射波结构特征,基于地震相分析识别沉积地貌类型;结合深海氧同位素海平面变化曲线,阐述了两时期研究区的沉积环境、特殊地貌的分布和体系域阶段;最后简要探讨了海侵视强度(视高度)及其影响因素。在MIS 5,研究区主要为滨浅海环境,在MIS 5.3和MIS 5.1局部发育了赛江水下三角洲、潮流沙脊和滨海沙坝等沉积地貌;在初期和低海面亚期为陆相环境,发育了闽江和赛江河道,分别经南部和东北部向东入海(台湾海峡)。在MIS 3,研究区普遍为海水覆盖,以滨浅海环境为主,局部发育闽江水下三角洲叶瓣和潮流沙脊。MIS 5的海平面远高于MIS 3,但是典型地震剖面的研究表明,前者的海侵视强度(视高度)低于后者,推断这一现象主要与构造沉降有关,沉积物压缩也有一定的影响,这也可以解释南部海区MIS 5.2的古闽江河道要远低于当时海平面的现象。     

1960—2021年民勤沙区10种典型荒漠植物种群变化特征

对60 a来民勤沙区10种典型荒漠植物种群分布、消长变化及现状进行调查研究。结果表明：随着水文生态环境不断恶化,沙漠化加剧,植被从原来的沼泽、草甸植被不断向沙、旱生方向演化,大量物种消失,植被演替加快,植被发生了显著变化。原来广布的草甸关键建群种芦苇（Phragmites communis）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）、盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）种群在沙区整体衰退,目前仅在河、湖岸,绿洲边缘生长较好;白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）种群逐渐替代柽柳成为沙区最大的天然灌木种群,并在一些沙区出现衰退,沙包活化;雨养沙区沙蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephalla）、沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）、霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylum）等随降水多少而波动性扩展和衰退;超旱生植物膜果麻黄（Ephedra przewalskii）和红砂（Reamuria soongorica）在荒漠植被普遍退化中区域性扩展;人工梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）林已成为沙区仅次于白刺的种群,生态...     

人工湿地的植物选择和净化效果评价

为优化人工湿地植物的水体净化功能和景观生态效果,构建了表流人工湿地不同植物组合的评价体系,分析了湿地植物组合的应用潜力。评价体系选用一级、二级评价指标,一级指标包括植物特性、净化能力、社会经济功能和景观功能;二级指标包括耐污性、耐寒性、氮、磷、COD的去除率和植物维护管理等15项指标。通过计算每种植物组合的指标分数,判断在不同情况下最适合的植物组合。结果表明:在处理污染严重的污水时,芦苇—浮萍—穗状狐尾藻为最优组合,得分为0.80,属于“优”级;在处理污染较轻的水体时,芦苇—凤眼莲—穗状狐尾藻为最优组合,得分为0.74,属于“良”级。湿地植物评价需更加详细并符合当地环境条件的评价指标。     

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.     

地质遗迹监测:守住518处“人类记忆”

正调查发现,湖南拥有重要地质遗迹518处。地质遗迹保护要向文物保护学习,湖南的地质遗迹保护要尽快制定地方性地质遗迹管理法规,从根本上推动地质管理工作。大自然上亿年的沧海桑田留下了数不清的珍贵的地质遗迹,被形象地称为"人类的记忆"。地质遗迹是地球演变过程中留下的生物和非生物痕迹,记载着地球沧海桑田的变换。此外,它还是推断与论证地质事件的有力佐证,是寻找与断定矿产资源踪迹的脉搏,是勘验与追寻生命起源的线索,具有极高的科学价值。主要     

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen(N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer. Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3– and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3– for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.