稀有金属矿物微区同位素定年与示踪

作为战略性关键金属矿产资源, 钨、锡、铌、钽、锂、铍、铷、铯、锆、铪、稀土等稀有金属, 在国民经济与国家安全方面有着重要的研究意义。稀有金属矿石矿物微区同位素定年与示踪, 是开展稀有金属矿床成矿作用研究的最直接手段, 具有整体分析无可比拟的优点。近年来, 钨锡铌钽锆铪稀土等稀有金属矿物微区U-Pb定年与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素示踪发展迅速, 而锂铍铷铯等稀有金属矿物微区Rb-Sr/Lu-Hf定年正蓬勃发展。本文综述了黑钨矿、白钨矿、锡石、铌钽矿(铌钽氧化物类矿物的简称)、独居石、磷钇矿、氟碳铈矿等稀有金属矿物微区U-Pb定年与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素示踪技术主要进展, 展望了锂云母、铁锂云母、铯沸石、钾长石(天河石)等微区Rb-Sr定年与磷钇矿、磷灰石、褐帘石、独居石、黑钨矿、白钨矿等微区Sm-Nd和Lu-Hf定年的广阔前景, 获得如下认识: (1)低铀矿物U-Pb定年, 除了采用高灵敏度磁式等离子质谱外, 元素成像技术能很好地揭示微量元素之间相关性, 进而快速锁定高U/Pb区域, 提高低铀矿物U-Pb定年成功率; (2)铌钽矿-锡石激光微区Hf同位素能够直接示踪花岗岩-伟晶岩稀有金属成岩成矿物质源区, 但这方面工作仍需进一步加强; (3)碰撞/反应池等离子质谱的出现, 使高Rb/Sr、Sm/Nd或高Lu/Hf比矿物的同位素定年成为现实, 是未来稀有金属激光微区同位素年代学发展的新方向; (4)实验方法研发与标准物质研制相辅相成、相互促进, 仍是当前迫切需要解决的关键技术难题。随着战略性关键金属日渐成为国内外成矿作用研究的热点, 钨锡铌钽锂铍铷铯锆铪稀土等稀有金属矿物微区同位素定年与示踪方法研究, 必将为我国新一轮稀有金属矿床学研究做出应有的学术贡献。

     

北极多源积雪深度数据对比评估及其对海冰厚度估算的影响

积雪深度是估算海冰厚度重要的参数之一,目前对不同积雪深度产品精度及其可适用范围的评估研究较少,也缺乏系统性的认知。本研究选取了11种北极积雪深度产品,根据产品的不同时间范围,分为2013—2018年和2018—2019年2个评估时间段。根据上述时间段,对比分析了各产品之间的差异性,然后将这些产品与“冰桥行动”和海冰质量平衡浮标的现场观测结果进行了评估。所有产品都显示格陵兰岛和加拿大北极群岛的北部积雪深度较厚,而在东西伯利亚海、拉普捷夫海、喀拉海、巴伦支海沿线区域的积雪深度较薄,不过,部分产品在时空变化上仍存在较大差异。与“冰桥行动”的观测数据对比发现,大部分产品数据雪深都较厚, AMSR2B和IS2/CS2分别在2013—2018年和2018—2019年的评估时间段内差异较小,拟合度较好。与海冰质量平衡浮标的对比结果显示,绝大部分产品数据雪深都较薄,并且差异性较大,其中NESOSIM在整个时期拟合度较好。利用不同产品的积雪深度反演海冰厚度的结果差异显著,与“冰桥行动”观测的海冰厚度对比发现, FY3B/MWRI和IS2/CS2分别在2013—2018年和2018—2019年的评估时间段...     

极地冰区拖曳作业探索与实践

极地海域作为海洋中极具战略地位和影响力的关键地区之一,越来越受国内外科学研究的关注。拖曳作业是开展海洋调查的重要手段之一,但在极地冰区开展拖曳作业往往受天气、海冰、调查装备类型等因素的影响,此外还面临各种突发问题,可能影响考察任务的顺利实施。我国极地考察在开展冰区拖曳作业中经历了从冰区边缘试探到密集浮冰区实践,从结构简单的拖网采样到系统复杂的地球物理综合调查,通过不断的探索试验,积累了丰富的极地冰区考察实践经验。本文总结了我国在极地冰区开展拖曳作业中遇到的主要风险,开展了深入的分析与探讨,同时对比和借鉴国外的相关考察作业经验,并针对性地提出改进措施和建议,以期为今后在极地冰区开展相关调查作业提供参考和借鉴。     

北极海域SAR海浪方向谱反演及其与中法海洋卫星CFOSAT/SWIM数据的比较

The interaction between ocean waves and sea ice in the Arctic ocean has received significant attention. However, the study on this issue is significantly limited due to the lack of observation data. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) plays an important role in the research of ocean wave and sea-ice interaction because of its unique capability of imaging sea surface in two dimensions. Sentinel-1 (S1), which consists of Sentinel-1A (S1A) and Sentine-1B (S1B), can cover the entire Arctic Area within 2 days. The Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) mode, one of the main imaging modes of S1 in the Arctic, has been providing SAR images with a high resolution of 10 m. The ocean wave spectra are derived using the S1 IW data. The spectra are likely to provide vital observation for studying the interaction between sea-ice and waves as they present the distribution of wave energy and their variations in different frequencies and directions. Meanwhile, the retrieved ocean wave spectra are an excellent validation data source for SWIM, which is onboard the China-France Oceanography Satellite and provides measurements of ocean wave spectra in the global ocean.In this study, we use the sub-images from the S1 IW image with a size of 1024 pixels × 1024 pixels (10.24 km × 10.24 km) to retrieve ocean wave spectra by using a nonlinear retrieval method (i.e., MPI scheme). The retrieved ocean wave spectra and wave parameters are compared with SWIM measurements acquired at an incidence angle of 10°, and the Significant Wave Height (SWH) is measured at nadir. The SWIM spectrum covers a large area by approximately 70 km × 90 km. To make a comparison, all the SAR sub-image spectra within a SWIM beam coverage are averaged to calculate a new observed SAR spectrum, which is inputted into the MPI inversion scheme. Then, the retrieved SAR ocean wave spectrum is compared with the SWIM spectrum. The footprint size of the SWIM nadir beam is 18 km, which is comparable to the S1 sub-image size. Accordingly, a SAR sub-image is extracted at SWIM nadir, and the corresponding ocean wave spectrum is retrieved. The SWH is calculated by integrating the retrieved wave spectra to compare with the SWIM nadir measurements of SWH. The experiment was carried out using the data acquired in September 2020 in the Greenland Sea and Norwegian Sea, where the ocean waves generated in the North Atlantic and propagating vast distances to the ice-covered area in the Arctic ocean can be frequently observed. Fifty-four ocean wave spectra were retrieved from 25 IW data and are compared with the SWIM slope spectra. The comparison shows that the SAR-retrieved spectra are consistent with SWIM spectra in terms of structure and energy distribution. Good agreements are also found between the integral parameters of the SAR ocean wave spectra and SWIM slope spectra. The comparison yields a bias and an RMSE of 0.11 and 0.71 m for SWH and a bias and an RMSE of -0.52 s and 0.62 s for mean wave period. The comparison of the dominant wave parameters yield a bias of -7.74° and an RMSE of 15.75° for the dominant wave direction and a bias of -0.56 m and an RMSE of 52.73 m for the dominant wavelength. Furthermore, 5075 data pairs of S1-retrieved SWH and SWIM nadir SWH were collocated and compared. The comparison result yields a bias of 0.03 m, an RMSE of 0.48 m, and a correlation of 0.95. The comparison between the S1 retrieved results and the SWIM measurements suggests that ocean wave information can be effectively retrieved from S1 IW data by using the MPI method in the Arctic ocean. Although the MPI method relies on prior information, it is still an effective method for obtaining ocean wave spectra in high resolution. The spectra retrieved from S1 are likely to show the energy attenuation of ocean waves in different frequencies and directions when propagating toward an ice-covered area. This finding will be of great support for the further study on the interaction between sea ice and ocean waves. © 2023 National Remote Sensing Bulletin. All rights reserved.     

综合PNT应用服务体系：概念框架、技术路线与应用展望

综合定位、导航与授时(positioning, navigation and timing, PNT)体系是我国数字化经济社会运行发展的重要支撑,以北斗三号(BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System,BDS-3)为核心的综合PNT应用服务是我国未来时空信息领域技术与产业的发展重点.本文首先定义了“按需弹性可伸缩综合PNT应用服务体系”概念,提出了“一体白盒(软件定义节点)+统一网络(弹性可伸缩系统)+网信场图(智能运管服务)+智能博弈(复杂任务决策)”的应用服务框架,设计了“固基、强网、增效”的综合PNT应用服务技术路线,给出了“公网+专网+机动网”的综合PNT应用服务模式,并对应用前景进行了展望.未来以“北斗+低轨+5G+伪卫星+位置大数据”为核心的综合时空应用服务体系将为多层次、多领域用户提供北斗室内外泛在空间云端协同的精准位置服务,助力全社会数字化转型.     

《中国沙漠》投稿指南北大核心CSCD

《中国沙漠》是中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所、中国治沙暨沙业学会,中国地理学会主办的综合性学术刊物,主要刊登沙漠学与相邻学科研究前沿理论,与国民经济密切相关并有较大应用价值的沙漠科学论文。设置的栏目有沙漠与沙漠化、古气候与环境演变、生物与土壤、天气与气候、水文与水资源、生态与经济、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。     

基于GIS的区域经济统计分析模型研究及应用——以江西省为例

针对当前GIS软件不能有效满足区域经济统计分析的问题,提出了利用GIS技术重新构建区域经济统计分析模型的新思路。对该模型进行了具体建模和编程实现,并将该模型集成到区域经济统计分析系统中,最后利用该系统对江西省各地区经济进行了统计分析的应用实践。研究表明,该区域经济统计分析模型能够有效地应用于区域的经济统计分析,方便政府部门制定与经济相关的各种决策,具有广泛的应用推广价值。     

《大地构造与成矿学》致谢2022年审稿专家

2022年本刊的审稿工作得到了许多同行专家的大力支持与指导,他们的认真评审和严格把关,为刊物学术质量的提高提供了专业支持与保障。谨此,本刊编辑部向这些专家表示衷心的感谢!2022年审稿专家名单如下(仅限2022年编辑部送出评审并返回审稿意见者,以姓氏汉语拼音为序,共162名)     

无人机倾斜摄影测量技术在大比例尺地形图测量中的应用

在大比例尺地形图测量工作中,相对于传统的方法,无人机倾斜摄影测量技术具有工作周期短、成本低的优点。其工作过程为：首先,通过野外航空摄影建立实景三维模型图;然后,用软件进行立体测图,对不能准确判读的部位进行野外调绘,对影像不清的部位用RTK方法补测数据;最后,对立体测图、调绘和补测数据进行处理,形成地形图。     

混合ADI-FDTD亚网格技术在探地雷达频散媒质中的高效正演

提出混合ADI-FDTD亚网格技术开展频散介质GPR正演,即在物性参数变化剧烈局部区域采用细网格剖分ADI-FDTD计算,其他的区域采用粗网格剖分常规FDTD计算,ADI-FDTD突破了CFL条件的限制,可选取与粗网格一致的大时间步长,有效地提高了计算效率.本文首先基于Debye方程,推导了粗网格FDTD及细网格ADI-FDTD频散介质差分格式,着重对粗细两种网格结合的场值交换方式进行了深入探讨,给出了该算法的计算流程.然后以一个薄层模型为例,分别应用粗网格、细网格、混合ADI-FDTD亚网格算法对该模型进行正演,计算资源的占用及模拟精度说明了混合ADI-FDTD亚网格算法的优势.最后,建立频散介质与非频散介质的组合模型,应用3种方法对该模型进行正演,对比3种方法优劣,分析雷达剖面中非频散介质及频散介质中波形特征,有效地指导雷达资料的精确解释.