基于AIRS的重力波参数提取方法对比分析

利用2019年1月1—7日AIRS观测的(80°—100°W,30°—45°N)范围内0—45 km高度的大气温度剖面数据,根据重力波的线性理论,分别采用垂直滑动窗口法、双滤波器法、单滤波器法对温度廓线数据进行处理,从中得到初始扰动剖面,再使用分离出来的对流层到平流层低层的背景温度和重力波扰动剖面计算重力波势能,最后根据提取结果比较三种方法的差异。结果表明:1) 采用垂直滑动窗口法提取的重力波势能对波长较小的波动有很好的反映,在对流层顶区域重力波势能异常偏大。2) 采用双滤波器法提取的重力波势能很好地反映各个波长的波动,更符合真实情况。3) 采用单滤波器法能够提取波长较大的重力波扰动,且扰动在对流层贡献更大;而采用双滤波器提取的重力波扰动分别在对流层顶和平流层贡献更大。     

解Schrdinger方程的一种修正的Runge-Kutta方法

在经典的四阶Runge-Kutta(简记为RK)方法的基础上,得到一种新的解Schrdinger方程的修正的RK方法,并证明这个方法的代数阶为4。这个方法的稳定性和相性质分析也在本文中给出,新方法的相误差阶为6,耗散误差阶为5,并且通过数值试验证明了新方法的高效性。     

THE BALANCE BETWEEN SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF WATER RESOURCES AND THE WATER—SAVING POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE HEXI CORRIDOR

The Hexi Corridor is an important base of agriculture development in Northwest China. According to recent statistics, there are 65.94×10⁸m³ of water resources available in the Hexi Corridor. At present, net consumption in development and utilization is 43.33×10⁸m³. Water supply and demand reach a balance on the recent level of production, but loss of evaporation and evapotranspiration is as much as 25.69×10⁸m³. So net use efficiency of water resources is 59%. Based on analyzing balance between water and land considering ecological environment at present, there exists the serious water shortage in the Shiyang River system where irrigation lands have overloaded. There is a comparative balance between supply and demand of water resource in the Heihe River system; and the Sule River system has some surplus water to extend irrigation land. Use of agriculture water accounts for 83.3% and ecological forest and grass for 6.9%. The Hexi Corridor still has a great potential for water saving in agriculture production. Water-saving efficiency of irrigation is about 10% by using such traditional technologies as furrow and border-dike irrigation and small check irrigation, and water-saving with plastic film cover and techniques of advanced sprinkler and drip/micro irrigation etc. cansave more than 60% of irrigated water. Incremental irrigation area for water-saving potential in the Hexi Corridor has been estimated as 56% – 197% to original irrigation area. So the second water sources can be developed from water saving agriculture in the Hexi Corridor under Development of the Western Part of China in large scale. This potential can be realized step by step through developing the water-saving measures, improving the ecological condition of oasis agriculture, and optimizing allocation of water resources in three river systems. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the Key innovation Project Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZcx-1-10-03) Biography: GAO Qian-zhao (1942 –), male, a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu, Professor and supervisor of Ph. D students. His research interests include hydrology and rational utilization of water resources in the arid zone.     

ENSO期间热带西太平洋势能的年际变化

利用1986/1987ENSO事件前后的深水CTD资料,计算了热带西太平洋(141°~165°E,10°N~10°S)相对于不同等压面的势能空间分布和时间变化。结果表明,ENSO期间热带西太平洋单位面积上水柱的势能明显减小,而热带西太平洋势能的经向变化明显大于纬向变化。经向变化的特征是赤道外势能大于赤道上的势能。势能最大值位于4°N和4°S,而最大年际变化则发生于7°N,远大于赤道附近。最后,还分析了热带西太平洋势能分布的地域性特征,并指出了这些特征与海洋水文特征的联系。     

变分法在结构抗震验算中的应用

本文介绍了利用变分原理推导的拟势能原理和拟余能原理，把拟势能原理和拟余能原理应用到结构抗震分析中，从而对结构受地震惯性力大小的范围问题进行研究，可以看出拟势能原理和拟余能原理可分别求解结构竖向地震压力的近似上、下限值。     

水资源评价中潜在蒸发力计算方法简介

在水资源评价中，蒸发量的求解方法，不需要用地中渗透仪观测求得，而是通过当地的气象资料计算出潜在蒸发力，再乘以相应的换算系数，即可求解出包气带的实际蒸发量，参与水均衡计算。     

长江河口北槽弯道横向次生流、混合与层化

2013年2月25至26日(枯季/大潮)、7月23至24日(洪季/大潮)分别在长江河口北槽弯道沿着3条横向测线CS6、CSW和CS3(每条测线上有北、中、南3个站位)测得水位、流速、盐度和含沙量的时间序列资料。通过这些资料的定量计算、分析,理解弯道横向次生流、混合与层化的时、空变化和各种物理机制及其相对重要性。3条横向测线均存在横向次生流,且横向测线CS3还出现横向次生环流。枯、洪季,仅在横向测线CS6、CS3出现环状欧拉余流。枯、洪季,沿着横向测线CS3,3个站位的横向斜压梯度比离心加速度和科氏加速度都大1~2个数量级,而后两项大小接近且数量级都是10-4,罗斯贝数在1左右。这些表明:横向次生流受横向斜压梯度、离心加速度和科氏加速度共同驱动,前一项相对于后两项更加重要。沿着3条横向测线:1)枯、洪季大潮,平均势能差异分别约为54.23、66.56 J/m3,表明洪季层化强于枯季;2)枯季涨潮,平均的势能差异普遍小于落潮,而洪季涨潮,平均的势能差异普遍大于落潮,表明枯、洪季湍流混合均存在潮汐不对称性;3)枯季,由横向、纵向水深平均应变(ΦS-y、ΦS-x)引起的势能差异变化率的范围分别是-67×10~(-3)~37×10~(-3)、-7×10~(-3)~11×10~(-3)W/m~3,而洪季,相应的范围分别是-45×10~(-3)~30×10~(-3)、-14×10~(-3)~13×10~(-3)W/m~3,表明枯、洪季差异不明显,横向水深平均应变(ΦS-y)均大于纵向水深平均应变(ΦS-x),前项对水体混合与层化的影响更大;4)枯季大潮,纵向平流(ΦA-x)、横向平流(ΦA-y)、纵向水深平均应变(ΦS-x)和横向水深平均应变(ΦS-y)的潮汐平均绝对值占四项总和之比例分别为26%、33%、18%和23%,而洪季大潮,相应的值的比例分别为13%、9%、22%和56%,表明枯季,平流项(ΦA-y最大)对混合与层化的控制可能占主导地位;洪季,应变项(ΦS-y最大)可能占主导地位。无量纲数(m)被用于判别横向平流(ΦA-y)、横向水深-平均应变(ΦS-y)的相对重要性。一个概念性模式被用于显示层化与横向次生流/环流的相互关系。     

基于势能信息熵的黄土小流域沟谷网络演化特征研究

沟谷网络是黄土高原流域地貌的重要侵蚀产沙区和最主要的产沙运移通道,深入了解沟谷网络的形成过程和演化特征,对黄土高原小流域的水土保持综合治理、生态恢复和流域地貌演化过程研究具有重要意义.然而,流域内部沟谷网络的发育演化过程与整个流域地貌演化过程的相互作用机制尚未得到有效揭示.该文基于室内人工降雨试验条件下获取的9期人工模拟黄土小流域DEM数据,提出一种表征流域地貌系统内部沟谷网络演化有序程度的方法,并利用小流域地貌系统的势能信息熵及其熵变规律对沟谷网络演化过程及其变化特征进行研究.结果表明:在该实验条件下,以侵蚀为主的均质黄土小流域在地貌发育的幼年期,势能信息熵呈不断减小态势,沟谷网络有序性不断增强,在幼年期末达到最高;进入壮年期后,势能信息熵呈缓慢增加态势,沟谷网络有序性受到一定程度破坏,演化特征与该系统势能信息熵的熵变特征及流域地貌侵蚀发育阶段高度一致,流域地貌的势能信息熵和沟谷网络有序演化特征能有效指示流域地貌的侵蚀发育阶段.     

Application of A Fast Multipole BIEM for Flow Diffraction from A 3D Body

A Fast Multipole Method (FMM) is developed as a numerical approach to the reduction of the computational cost and requirement memory capacity for a large in solving large-scale problems. In this paper it is applied to the boundary integral equation method (BIEM) for current diffraction from arbitrary 3D bodies. The boundary integral equation is discretized by higher order elements, the FMM is applied to avoid the matrix/vector product, and the resulting algebraic equation is solved by the Generalized Conjugate Residual method (GCR). Numerical examination shows that the FMM is more efficient than the direct evaluation method in computational cost and storage of computers.