Impacts of soil fauna on litter decomposition at different succession stages of wetland in Sanjiang Plain, China

Litter decomposition is the key process in nutrient recycling and energy flow. The present study examined the impacts of soil fauna on decomposition rates and nutrient fluxes at three succession stages of wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, China using different mesh litterbags. The results show that in each succession stage of wetland, soil fauna can obviously increase litter decomposition rates. The average contribution of whole soil fauna to litter mass loss was 35.35%. The more complex the soil fauna group, the more significant the role of soil fauna. The average loss of three types of litter in the 4mm mesh litterbags was 0.3–4.1 times that in 0.058mm ones. The decomposition function of soil fauna to litter mass changed with the wetland succession. The average contribution of soil fauna to litter loss firstly decreased from 34.96% (Carex lasiocapa) to 32.94% (Carex meyeriana), then increased to 38.16% (Calamagrostics angustifolia). The contributions of soil fauna to litter decomposition rates vary according to the litter substrata, soil fauna communities and seasons. Significant effects were respectively found in August and July on C. angustifolia and C. lasiocapa, while in June and August on C. meyeriana. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and the C/N and C/P ratios of decaying litter can be influenced by soil fauna. At different wetland succession stages, the effects of soil fauna on nutrient elements also differ greatly, which shows the significant difference of influencing element types and degrees. Soil fauna communities strongly influenced the TC and TP concentrations of C. meyeriana litter, and TP content of C. lasiocapa. Our results indicate that soil fauna have important effects on litter decomposition and this influence will vary with the wetland succession and seasonal variation. Foundation item: Under the auspices of State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (No. 2009CB421103), Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830535/D0101), Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-BR-16, KSCX2-YW-N-46-06)     

生活百科

<正>不吃主食藏危机谷类食物含有大量碳水化合物,除了能为人体提供能量,还是维生素B的主要来源,缺乏维生素B,对肝脏不利,而摄入动物脂肪时,如碳水化合物摄入不足,     

主编手记

日本近年来因捕鲸行为的“不厚道”而饱受环境和动物保护组织的“围攻”。在捕鲸的问题上,日本一贯借“文化和饮食传统”说事儿,但并没有得到大家的信任和宽恕。鲸类作为大型的海洋哺乳动物,最被我们所熟知的种类莫过于海豚了。在一部美国环保人士拍摄的纪录片当中,日本渔民将海豚这种极具灵性的动物撵进海湾,然后拉起围网,再大肆屠杀,鲜血染红了整片海域,让观者唏嘘不已。海豚是一种喜好群体结伴活动的动物,     

寒武纪早期澄江生物群小细丝海绵属新材料

文章描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群小细丝海绵属一新种——螺旋小细丝海绵（Leptomitella spiralis sp. nov.）。新种 具有横向骨针束围绕海绵体呈螺旋状排列的典型特征，明显区别于属内其他种；此外，在外部形态和骨针类型上与属内其他种 也存在较大差异。新种的发现增加了Leptomitella种间形态结构的多样性，也为海绵动物的早期演化及寒武纪海绵动物辐射演 化研究提供新的化石资料。     

解剖冰河长毛象

一根前腿大腿骨，三根前足骨骼，四根脊椎骨以及大部分棕色长毛。2000年8月，在西伯利亚哈坦加冰穴中，科学家从逐渐解冻的加克夫长毛象身上发现了更多的秘密，他们推测，这只曾活在2万年前的史前巨兽死于一场泥石流，它死前健康状况相当好，死时47岁。     

晚石炭世腕足动物部分属的两极分布及其意义

根据７个属产地及层位分析，证明晚石炭世腕足动物存在两极分布现象。认为古生物地理大区的混生区是这些两极分布的凉水型分子的起源地，即混生区起源。两极分布的分子具有快的迁移速度，推测凉（冷）水洋流的携带作用是这些凉水分子散布的主要途径。     

On the Systematic Position of Eosipterus yangi Ji et Ji, 1997 among Pterodactyloids

1 Introduction Eosipterus yangi is the first pterosaur found from western Liaoning Province (Ji and Ji, 1997). Since then, more and more pterosaurs have been reported (Ji and Ji, 1998; Wang and Lü, 2001; Wang et al., 2002, 2005; Wang and Zhou, 2003, 2004; Lü, 2003; Ji et al., 2004; Lü and Ji, 2005a, b; Dong and Lü, 2005; Lü and Yuan, 2005; Lü and Zhang, 2005; Lü et al., 2006). Because Eosipterus yangi lacks skull, it is difficult to resolve its relationships to other pterodact…