不同生长环境褐牙鲆的外观性状与肌肉营养成分的比较分析

讨论了网箱养殖、工厂化养殖和野生褐牙鲆的外观差异,对比分析了不同生长环境下褐牙鲆的肌肉营养成分和营养学价值。结果显示:网箱养殖的褐牙鲆体形、体色更接近野生褐牙鲆,即有眼侧呈深褐色,无眼侧呈白色;工厂化养殖褐牙鲆有眼侧体色较暗,无眼侧有黑斑。网箱养殖褐牙鲆脂肪含量(2.5%)远低于工厂化养殖的褐牙鲆(4.2%),而接近于野生的褐牙鲆(1.4%);网箱养殖褐牙鲆水分含量比工厂化养殖的高,也更接近野生的褐牙鲆。3种生长环境的褐牙鲆,氨基酸组成是一致的,而且各项比值也都符合FAO/WHO的标准。对比分析必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)和EPA+DPA、SFA、MUFA、PUFA等指标,网箱养殖褐牙鲆均要高于工厂化养殖褐牙鲆,接近而又优于野生的褐牙鲆。在矿物质含量方面,3种生长环境下的褐牙鲆差异不明显。综合各项指标分析,在褐牙鲆的3种生长环境中,网箱养殖的褐牙鲆要优于工厂化养殖的褐牙鲆,而更接近于野生的褐牙鲆。     

Layered farming for Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate

Marsupenaeusjaponicus Bate is one of the most valuable cultured shrimp species in China and outdoor earthen pond farming is the most common method of culturing this organism. The need to increase soil usage efficiency in aquaculture has been recognized and a great deal of research effort has been directed toward development of super-intensive farming systems. However, current research and development in this field is largely devoted to Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, while to M.japonicus Bate it has been neglected. In this study, a layered fanning system was designed and a 66-day study was conducted in M.japonicus Bate culture. The system comprised bracket and sand layers that divided a shrimp tank filled to a depth of 1.2 m into four water layers. Conventional tank culture （unlayered） was used as a control. The results show that survival rate, feed conversion efficiency and production of M.japonicus Bate in the layered farming system were 68%, 18%, and 0.59 kg/m^2, respectively, all of which are significantly higher than in the unlayered fanning system （P〈0.01）. These findings confirmed the possibility of using a layered system to culture M. japonicus Bate.     

郯城:加强设施农用地管理

正近期,为促进农村经济快速发展,提高土地利用效率,山东省郯城县国土资源局积极引导农民依法养殖、集约用地,禁止占用基本农田,规范养殖用地秩序,保证农民养殖用地需求。一是鼓励养殖户利用废弃地、未利用地搞家禽养殖,尽量不占或少占耕地,严禁占用基本农田。     

养殖方式、光照强度对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长与存活的影响

采用生态学方法,研究了养殖方式、光照强度对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长与存活的影响。结果表明:在养殖方式实验中,哲罗鱼稚鱼体长、体质量均以室内静水组为最高,室内流水组其次,室外流水组最低。存活率以室内流水组为最高,室外流水组次之,室内静水组最低。统计分析表明养殖方式对哲罗鱼稚鱼终末体长、体质量、特定生长率、体长生长参数以及体长、体质量变异系数的影响均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。在光照实验中,哲罗鱼稚鱼的存活率、体长、体质量及特定生长率、体长生长参数均随光照强度的增加而增加,说明在哲罗鱼稚鱼室内培育阶段,适当地增加部分光照有利于其存活、摄食与生长。本研究结果为哲罗鱼高效养殖提供了科学依据。     

海水甲壳类寄生性病原血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium spp.)研究进展

血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium spp.)是一类危害海水甲壳类的致病性寄生性甲藻,在世界范围内严重威胁了多种重要经济甲壳类的渔业生产。近年来,血卵涡鞭虫先后在我国浙江、广东沿海的锯缘青蟹、三疣梭子蟹、脊尾白对虾等重要养殖甲壳类中被报道发现,并已确定该寄生病原是近年来引起当地养殖青蟹"黄水病"、三疣梭子蟹"牛奶病"和脊尾白对虾大规模死亡的主要病原之一。本文结合作者近年来关于Hematodinium spp.的研究成果,系统综述了国内外该寄生性病原的研究进展,包括其系统分类、生活史、传播途径、发生机制等;并针对目前该寄生性病原研究中存在的关键问题,结合我国相关研究现状做出了分析和展望,以期为我国海水甲壳类血卵涡鞭虫流行病的预防与控制提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Distribution and sources of heavy metals in the sediment of Xiangshan Bay

Heavy metals in the surface sediments and sediment core from the Xiangshan Bay, a mariculture base on the coast of the East China Sea, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP–MS) in order to evaluate their levels and sources. The results showed that the levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr in the sediments of the bay have been generally influenced by anthropogenic inputs since the founding of the People's Republic of China. In particular, Cu and Zn were polluted to some extent, as evidenced by high enrichment factors. Organic matter, grain size, wastewater discharge, and low energy hydrodynamic environment played dominant roles in the heavy metal enrichment in the sediments. The ratio of terrigenous source to marine biogenic deposit of trace metals in the sediments was calculated, revealing that terrigenous inputs were the main source of Cu, Pb, and Zn, while biological pellets contributed much more to the enrichment of Cr and Cd. Considering the influence of biological sources on the enrichment of Cd and Cr, and the fact that the sediment has been polluted by Cu and Zn, the development of mariculture and discharge of wastewater into the Bay should be restricted.     

膜技术在水产养殖废水处理中的应用进展

<正>随着我国工厂化养殖业的飞速发展,养殖规模与日俱增,如何实现养殖废水的有效循环使用,避免由此导致的水生态环境问题引起广泛关注。由于养殖过程中需向水体中投放饵料和化学品,作为养殖生物的营养和消毒剂,所以养殖废水中除含有剩余饵料外,还含有化学物质及富含氮、磷的养殖生物排泄物等有害物质。若不处理直接排放,可加剧邻近水域富营养     

鱼类体色成因及调控研究进展

<正>随着经济的快速发展和生活水平的不断提高,人们对高档鱼类的需求也日益增加。受自然条件的限制和人为因素的影响,野生鱼类捕获量在急剧下降,为解决供需矛盾,水产养殖业应运而生,但在高密度集约化养殖条件下,人工养殖的鱼类,其体色异常和肉质下降等问题频频出现,远不如野生品种。发生体色异常的鱼类以前是无鳞鱼,如黄鳝(Monopterus albus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),     

养殖密度对大杂交鲟幼鱼体组份和血液生化指标的影响

试验以大杂交鲟(达氏鳇♀×史氏鲟♂,初始体质量每尾约38g)为材料,研究了流水养殖条件下放养密度(40/m~2、70/m~2、93/m~2、110/m~2)对其体组分和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:经过60d饲养,放养密度对大杂交鲟体组分产生了负面影响,水分和灰分含量随密度的增大呈升高趋势,粗脂肪和粗蛋白随着密度增大而下降;同时大杂交鲟血清碱性磷酸酶含量随密度增大而降低;血清有机成分蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯及尿素等含量也呈现下降趋势;血清无机离子磷和镁含量也随养殖密度的增大而降低。本文试验结果说明放养密度改变了大杂交鲟体内营养物质的的吸收、代谢和分配,造成机体和血液中生化组成的变化,进而可能对鱼类的营养状况及生长产生不利影响。     

耕海牧洋:老郭的海洋梦

郭炳坚,惠安县友兴水产业开发有限公司总经理,福建港德水产有限公司副总裁兼技术总监。在这个身份之前,他曾有一份令人艳羡的职业:公务员。当年,大学毕业的郭炳坚顺利地进入税务部门就职,捧起了令外人羡慕的金饭碗。但后来郭炳坚却毫不留恋地选择了辞职下