陆面温度反演算法——劈窗算法的敏感度分析

首先给出ＣＯ２ 倍增下遥感光合作物产量的概念模型,之后分析未受ＣＯ２ 倍增的遥感光合作物产量估测模型;在考虑ＣＯ２ 倍增对作物产量的影响后,对影响干物质累积的作物光合速率的模型进行修正,进而修正遥感光合作物产量估测模型。建立ＣＯ２ 倍增下作物产量响应模型,求取各参数,并在ＣＯ２ 倍增下对我国华北地区冬小麦产量响应进行填图,表明模型的估测结果有良好的可比性。     

居民对缓解人与野生动物冲突救济金的态度:尼泊尔Shivapuri-Nagarjun国家公园的案例研究（英文）

本研究旨在评估Shivapuri-Nagarjun国家公园（SNNP）人与动物冲突事件较多的10个缓冲区居民组（BZUG）的三个不同社区的居民对救济基金计划的态度。通过对家庭的半结构化问卷调查,研究了居民态度的差异及其社会经济因素的影响,如年龄、教育、经济状况、作物损害的数量对现行救济计划的满意度的影响。研究共调查了162个住户,获得有效调查问卷153份,占研究区377个住户总数的40.5%,采用非随机抽样方法进行了调查。居民对救济计划的态度分为三个级别(积极、消极或中性）（卡方检验用于确定居民的态度和救济计划是否具有依赖性）。本研究中卡方被用来确定不同社会经济因素的依赖性以及人们对救济计划的态度。结果显示,56%的受访者对救济计划不满意（持消极态度）,26%持中立态度,只有18%持积极态度（满意）。对研究区平均101美元的作物损失,仅提供了41.93美元的救济金。同样,对每只124美元的牲畜（山羊）损失救济金额只有73美元。由于补偿款不足和支付延迟,救济基金计划未能使居民的满意度发生变化。因此,建议定期修订救济准则,以解决救济款不足和延迟的问题。此外,还需要进一步研究野生动物损害救济...     

农林复合系统中的科学

农林复合业是一种传统的种植方式，即农民从自身的利益出发，带树木与作物混种。根据孢粉分析，这种种植方式至少已有1300年的历史，而树木的驯化史则可能更久。农林复合业从农民的常识发展成为农业研究的前沿领域，则是近20来年的事情。这期间，它作为集农、林两业所长的一种持续发展的实践活动，被广泛地推广开来。将树木与作物混合种植或与畜牧业复合经营，目的在于提高作物的产量，保持土壤，增进养分的循环，同时提供燃料、饲料、水果和木材。人们对农林复合业潜力的认识，最初大都基于描述性的资料或传闻，而且多是在生产潜力较高的地区取得的。以往针对农林复合业的应用研完十分活跃，但有关其自然和社会经济过程的基础性研完工作却很少。农林复合业目前还不成其为科学，其理论基础仍需以周密而严谨的治学态度加加以发展。现在它还只能说是涉及到生态学、经济学、人类学、农学、林学、土壤学、动物学、树木遗传学、生物统计学及其它应用学科的一个研究领域，经过这个大熔炉的反复锤炼，它才能成为一门人们公认的科学。由于涉及到的交叉领域如此之广，未来的复合农林学极可能是一门十分诱人的学科。目前，世界上许多研究机构正在对农林复合业的基本问题进行着深入的探讨。我们归纳了农林复合系统区别于农业或林业系统的两个基本属性，即竞争和复杂性。这两个性质又演绎出了农林复俣系统的两个期望属性——盈利性和持续性。本文的目的就是要论述这些法则和属性，作为建立科学的复合农林掌的一种尝试。     

长沙县土地整理中心

长沙县位于湖南中东部,紧邻长沙市,属江南典型丘陵地区,全县处于东亚季风湿润区,气候温和,热量丰富,雨水充沛,四季分明,生长期长,适合水稻、茶、花卉苗木等多种作物生长。辖内土地总面积1997平方公里,人口73.8万,耕地总面积863431亩,基本农田768000亩,人均耕地1．17亩。     

Elevation,slope aspect and integrated nutrient management effects on crop productivity and soil quality in North-west Himalayas,India

On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Under this changing scenario, elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） may affect significantly soil quality and crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 at the Ashti watershed of NWHR in a rainfed condition to examine the influence of elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） on soil resource and crop productivity. Two years of farm demonstration trials indicated that crop productivity and soil quality is significantly affected by elevation, slope aspect and INM. Results showed that wheat equivalent yield（WEY） of improved technology increased crop productivity by -20%-37% compared to the conventional system. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-17%. North aspect and higher elevation increased crop productivity by 15%-25% compared to south aspect and low elevation（except paddy）. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-15%. Irrespective of slope, elevation and cropping system, the WEY increased by -30% in this region due to INMtechnology. The influence of elevation, slope aspect and INM significantly affected soil resources（SQI） and soil carbon change（SCC）. SCC is significantly correlated with SQI for conventional（R2 = 0.65＊）, INM technology（R2 = 0.81＊） and for both technologies（R2 = 0.73＊）. It is recommended that at higher elevation.（except for paddy soils） with a north facing slope, INM is recommended for higher crop productivity; conservation of soil resources is recommended for the mid hills of NWHR; and single values of SCC are appropriate as a SQI for this region.     

“中国遥感卫星六号”成功发射

2009年4月22日10时55分,我国在太原卫星发射中心用“长征二号丙”运载火箭成功地将“中国遥感卫星六号”送入太空。卫星主要用于国土资源勘查、环境监测与保护、城市规划、农作物估产、防灾减灾和空间科学试验等领域,将对我国国民经济发展发挥积极作用。     

棉花秋桃理论估产与实产偏差的气象因素

用棉花秋桃理论估产与实产之间的偏差，表征秋桃调查后至棉花停止生长期之间棉铃生育成熟状况，分析了这段时期气象因素对棉株和棉铃的影响，得出了确定棉花丰歉的农业气象指标。     

A review on statistical models for identifying climate contributions to crop yields

Statistical models using historical data on crop yields and weather to calibrate relatively simple regression equations have been widely and extensively applied in previous studies, and have provided a common alternative to process-based models, which require extensive input data on cultivar, management, and soil conditions. However, very few studies had been conducted to review systematically the previous statistical models for indentifying climate contributions to crop yields. This paper introduces three main statistical methods, i.e., time-series model, cross-section model and panel model, which have been used to identify such issues in the field of agrometeorology. Generally, research spatial scale could be categorized into two types using statistical models, including site scale and regional scale (e.g. global scale, national scale, provincial scale and county scale). Four issues exist in identifying response sensitivity of crop yields to climate change by statistical models. The issues include the extent of spatial and temporal scale, non-climatic trend removal, colinearity existing in climate variables and non-consideration of adaptations. Respective resolutions for the above four issues have been put forward in the section of perspective on the future of statistical models finally.     

江苏省主要作物农田水分盈亏量的研究

利用江苏省1980～1992年土壤湿度资料,根据土壤水分平衡原理,运用运筹学中的优化技术,结合本省的自然条件和作物生长实际情况,提出有效降水量、下层水分补给量等计算方法,建立了旱地和稻田农田水分盈亏量的计算模式,以便应用实时降水和土壤湿度等资料,计算全省农田水分盈亏量,及时提供农业气象情报服务。