四川西部地区宝石矿产及找矿前景

本文以地层、构造、火成岩等为背景,介绍四川西部地区宝(玉)石、彩石的矿(化)点地质特征;又以矿(化)点地质为基础分析西部地区找矿线索及前景.用实际资料说明在该区寻找宝(玉)石、彩石大有希望.     

中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.     

中国不同成因伟晶岩形成的物理化学条件

对湖南幕阜山、云南哀牢山、新疆可可托海及福建西坑４个地区的伟晶岩研究表明：这些伟晶岩矿物的熔融包裹体和熔流包裹体均一温度为４５０～１１４０°Ｃ,气—液包裹体均一温度为１８０～４００°Ｃ,不同地区包裹体类型和均一温度有所差别。气液包裹体中的主要液相组分有Ｃａ２＋,Ｋ＋,Ｎａ＋,Ｍｇ２＋,Ｆｅ３＋,ＨＣＯ－３,ＳＯ２－４,Ｃｌ－,Ｆ－以及Ｃ２Ｈ６,不同的伟晶岩这些组分的相对含量有明显不同,表明这些伟晶岩具有不同的成因。     

光石汉含铀花岗伟晶岩成因探讨

本文研究了光石沟含铀花岗伟晶岩的构造环境、成岩物质来源和形成方式,并运用微量元素定量模型模拟了其形成过程。研究表明,花岗伟晶岩是在大陆火山弧环境,由８９．７％的秦岭群和１０．３％的上地幔物质,经３５％左右部分熔融形成的重熔岩浆结晶分异而成。     

论花岗伟晶岩的成因和类型的划分

From years of experience with granite pegmatite, the authors note that granite pegmatite is of two different origins: magmatic differentiation autometasomatism and metamorphic differentiation. Granite pegmatites can be divided into nine types under four categories according to their formation mechanisms and the regularities of rare-metal evolution. Discussion is also given to the inheritance-development relationship between the various types of granite pegmatites, to the features of rare-metal mineralization and their spatial systematies of distribution.     

深处岩浆分异与某地花岗伟晶岩的形成

Two stages of intrusion have been recognized for Paleozoic pegmatites in this district. The pegmatites occur as several thousands of dikes, with 84 per cent of them distributed within three “thickly concentrated areas”. Similar horizontal zoning, i.e.,from the parental granite outwards the pegmatites vary from type K through type Na to type Li, is observed within these “thickly concentrated areas”, which consist of pegmatites of different stages. Temporally, the pegmatites also evolve in the same sequence of types K-Na-Li, with a series of mineralized dikes produced during this process. The occurrence of this phenomenan is not accidental but a strong indication of deepseated magmatic differentiation. In nature, not all granitic magmatism can bring about pegatite emplacement,nor all the pegmatite dikes are of the same petrological character. These differences indicate that deep-seated magmatic differentiation must be controlled by some factors.It‘s development is believed to be dependent largely on the amounts of both parental and residual magmas and on the extent to which the pressure at their source region has been lowered by the intrusion of granite. The constant movement of the crust results in the continuous upward migration of differentiated magma, so as to promote the differentiation to a greater extent, thereby providing new source materials for subsequent intrusive activity. Such a continuous movement of opposites leads to the formation of a complete series of pegmatites, i.e., from biotite-microcline pegmatite to lepidolite-albite pegmatite, giving rise to the “thickly concentrated areas” as well as a series of mineralized veins.     

福建南平花岗伟晶岩中的电气石研究

电气石是南平伟晶岩和围岩中分布广泛的一种副矿物,根据化学成分,它们属于镁铁锂电气石亚族,其端员为铁(黑)电气石、镁电气石和锂电气石,其间还有一系列过渡矿物。南平伟晶岩中除未发现端员锂电气石外,其他端员及过渡系列电气石均十分发育,这在国内外同类伟晶岩中十分少见。不同成分电气石分布于不同类型伟晶岩及同一伟晶岩分异演化的不同阶段。本文在对电气石的化学成分、物理性质、产状等较详阐述基础上,对它们的演变规律及形成环境进行了讨论,这对于探讨南平伟晶岩的形成及寻找稀有金属伟晶岩有重要意义。