从全国水环境数据库看中国水环境状况

以全国水环境数据库的监测记录为第一手资料,以各大流域片为单位,从宏观上介绍了各大流域片的水质总体概况,包括各类水质所占比例、污染水质的超标物类型等,基本反映了我国各大流域在20世纪90年代的水质状况以及水环境的时空变化特征.总的来说,我国的水环境状况不容乐观,水质污染比较严重,尤其是我国北方的流域片.     

我国地下水开发利用状况及其分析

分析了我国地下水开采状况，通过对比地下水资源量、可开采量、实际开采量分析地下水开采情况，论述了由于地下水超采造成的生态环境问题，提出了加强地下水管理的意见和建议。     

我国西南地区城市地质灾害与防治对策

西南地区城市地质灾害种类多,主要有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、岩溶塌陷等.滑坡、崩塌主要发生在西南中、高山地区;泥石流主要分布在地质构造复杂、断裂发育、岩石易于破碎风化的地区、暴雨中心地区以及深切割的高山、中山地区;岩溶塌陷主要分布在贵州省、云南省、四川省和重庆市,分布面积32.7 km2.西南地区有102个市、县、区(镇)遭受到滑坡、崩塌的严重危害,近年来随着西部大开发建设和城镇化速度的加快,滑坡、崩塌灾害频次明显增多、危害加大.其防治对策包括开展城市地质灾害调查工作,制定地质灾害防治规划;建立城市地质灾害空间数据库,实现地质灾害的动态预测和监测;开展城市地质灾害预警示范调查研究,健全完善地质灾害预誊系统;加强城市地质灾害防治宣传工作,提高全民防灾、减灾意识.     

三峡大坝建成后长江输沙量的减少及其对长江三角洲的影响

三峡大坝建成之后,大量泥沙滞留于库区,出库泥沙量减少,坝下河床冲刷而提供相当数量的泥沙,支流湖泊供沙也发生变化,这将使进入河口地区的泥沙有所减少。三峡大坝以上长江干流和支流建设新的大坝,南水北调、封山育林、退耕还林以及减少水土流失都将进一步减少长江进入河口地区的泥沙。由此估计,三峡大坝建成后的百年内长江输入河口地区的泥沙约为2.0×10⁸～2.5×10⁸t/a;冰后期长江三角洲形成和发育期间的长江年均输沙量为1.84×10⁸～2.28×10⁸t。二者的数值相当接近,然而与近50年的观测(4.33×10⁸t/a)相差甚远,长江流域的气候变化和人类活动可能是造成这一现象的原因。文章着重说明中国和长江上游人口的增长、种植作物的改变可能是水土流失、长江泥沙量增长的主要原因。     

Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China： A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha＇ertaishan Belt, Inner Mongolia, China

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb Zn Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb Zn Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha‘ertalshan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyfitic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni= 11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of synsedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha‘ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha‘ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha‘ertal-Bayun Obo ore belt.     

中国东南部中、新生代盆地特征与构造演化

中国东南部中、新生代盆地与花岗岩构成了复杂的盆岭镶嵌体系--华南盆岭构造.根据盆地的几何学、运动学、动力学与构造演化特征,将研究区中、新生代盆地划分为类前陆盆地、裂谷盆地和断陷盆地三大类型.对晚三叠世以来各个时代盆地的规模、产状、边界、岩石组合、指相矿物、沉积构造进行了分析.不同时代盆地的特征和重点区段盆区岩层的节理测量-统计结果表明,晚三叠世以来研究区的盆-岭格局至少经历过4期地球动力学演化.该盆-岭体系具有密切的时空和成因联系,二者时间相近,空间相伴,成因相关.研究表明,永定-龙南-始兴是一个中侏罗世陆内裂谷带,武夷山是晚中生代的古地理与气候分隔带,赣江带是晚中生代的火山岩界线.     

从地震信息看中国东部垂直构造样式及油气

所讨论的垂直构造是石油勘探中最常见的小尺度局部升降作用所引起的各种构造,按成因可分为跨塌构造、压实构造、底辟构造三类样式.垮塌构造样式是碎屑岩沉积盆地基底的碳酸盐岩地层长期被地下水溶解形成地下大溶洞,造成上部地层垮塌而形成的堑背形构造样式;压实构造由沉积压实作用所致,可分为基底古隆起披覆构造样式和差异压实披覆构造样式等;底辟构造(又称“挤入构造“)是塑性岩层在外力作用下发生底辟作用而产生的,分刺穿底辟和拱形底辟两种,或冷底辟和热底辟两类.莺歌海盆地发育众多的地震异常体,呈底辟状,但比较特殊,可称为气烟筒,与通常的底辟具本质之别.中国东部中、新生代盆地中普遍发育垂直构造,它们与沉积作用同步发生,一般无明显的挤压褶皱变形.     

我局举办知识产权保护与科技管理培训班

为使局属企业尽快适应我国加入世贸组织后知识产权保护工作的需要，10月26日至29日，局在南昌技工学校举办了为期四天的“知识产权保护、科技管理培训班”。来自全局30余名企业领导、科研工作管理人员参加了培训。     

全国学术讨论会图片报道

由中国地质学会岩溶地质专业委员会等七个学术机构主办、中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所等两家科研单位承办的“高分辨率记录与同位素技术在环境变化研究中的应用”全国学术讨论会于2004年9月21-23日在桂林隆重举行。来自美国、我国台湾及内地的130多位代表出席了本次会议。     

重要声明

第九届全国地下水科技交流会暨网员代表大会于2004年11月18～21日在陕西省西安市召开，本届会议主题是：科学发展观指导下的地下水开发利用与保护。会议由全国地下水信息网和陕西省水利厅主办，陕西省水工程勘察规划研究院承办，长安大学协办。参加会议的有网员单位代表、技术专家组成员和特邀专家等，共计105人。会议共征集学术论文50余篇