东中国海环流的一种模型——Ⅰ、冬季环流的数值模拟

东中国海环流是控制本海区水文气象状况的最重要因子．但至今尚无完整的功力学理论分析，这是因为对产生该海区环流的主要因子了解不够，加之它岸形复杂，水深变化很大，难以用一个解析模式将全海区概括起来。目前在黑潮深水区进行了一些动力计算，得到较好的结果，但在近岸浅水区由于零面选取上的困难，     

东中国海HYCOM模式垂向坐标对比研究

基于挪威南森环境遥感中心改进的NERSC-HYCOM 模式, 利用单向嵌套技术与欧洲中心提供的2008 年ERA-I 高分辨率强迫场针对东中国海及其邻近海区进行了不同垂向坐标配置的四个敏感性试验。通过分析东中国海区域的温度、盐度, 流速的分布和变化, 探讨了HYCOM 模式中不同垂向坐标设置对东中国海近岸区域的影响以及黑潮流速及路径对不同坐标设置的响应, 期望对HYCOM 模式更深入的研究提供参考。结果表明: (1)在东中国海区上层并不适于采用等密度坐标方案, 也就是说应该采用z坐标或σ坐标用以表征此处混合层的季节性变化特征; (2)针对东海大陆架区给出了10 个位置上的模式与浮标观测资料的温、盐平均误差(ME)、均方根差(RMS)及相关系数(R)指标, 发现对于不同区域, 每种试验的适用性都不同; (3)使用高频资料时, 模拟的流速普遍偏高, 东海黑潮冬夏路径的异同指出了σ-z-iso 与z-iso 试验模拟效果较好, 但模拟的日本岛南岸的弯曲流场位置偏南; 而z-only 试验模拟的日本岛以南的黑潮路径是有所改观的, z坐标的分辨率对表层的黑潮路径影响很大; σ-only 试验模拟的整个黑潮路径的效果最差。     

海洋沉积物黏土矿物相对含量不同计算方法对比研究

海洋沉积物黏土矿物相对含量计算存在多种计算方法,并不统一,限制了异源黏土矿物的整合和使用。文章选取了两种较为常见的计算方法,即Biscaye和国标中规定的计算方法,分别对东印度洋109个表层样品黏土矿物的相对百分含量进行计算,分析对比了两种方法计算结果之间的差异。结果显示,两种计算方法结果存在显著正相关,都能显示黏土矿物分布的变化趋势,4种黏土矿物相关系数由高到底分别为:蒙皂石0.986、伊利石0.974、绿泥石0.924、高岭石0.923。相对于Biscaye计算方法,国标计算方法会增加伊利石和高岭石的相对百分含量而降低蒙皂石和绿泥石的相对百分含量。两种计算方法黏土矿物的含量相关性较好,可以建立起相互数学转换关系式。但在不同的海区,由于矿物成因、结晶程度以及混层矿物的出现可能会使衍射峰形态发生改变,从而相关性系数和转换关系也会相应发生改变。     

东太平洋海隆13°N表层含金属沉积物物质组成与元素赋存状态

为了解不同类型含金属沉积物在物质组成和元素赋存状态的差异,对东太平洋海隆13°N洋中脊两侧表层含金属沉积物(站号:E271和E53)进行了矿物学、地球化学分析,顺序提取实验,并与前人对轴部表层沉积物(站号:17A-EPR-TVG1)的研究结果作了对比分析。研究结果表明, E271和E53是远端含金属沉积物,由非浮力热液羽状流中颗粒物沉降所形成的;17A-EPR-TVG1沉积物是近喷口含金属沉积物,由黑烟囱或者热液硫化物丘状体崩塌、堆积,或者由热液羽状流中Fe-Mn氧化物和硫化物快速沉淀而形成的,近喷口沉积物比远端沉积物更富集Fe、Cu和Zn等元素。元素在两种含金属沉积物中的赋存状态基本相同,除了Fe,Cu,Zn,Mo和稀土元素(REE)等元素在远端沉积物中主要存在于Fe-Mn氧化物相,在近喷口沉积物中主要在残留相中。远端沉积物中REE页岩标准化配分模式与海水相似,表明REE主要来自海水,而近喷口沉积物中REE配分模式与热液流体相似,说明REE以高温热液流体来源为主。相关研究结果加深了对热液沉积作用研究的认识。     

东濮凹陷岩性油气藏勘探方法初探

岩性油气藏已成为渤海湾盆地内各凹陷重要的勘探对象。笔者根据对东濮凹陷形成演化、沉积特征的研究，结合油田下洼勘探的需要，提出了断层分析法进行岩性油气藏勘探，总结出3种模式，经在多个地区应用取得了较好的效果。该方法立足于构造对沉积的控制作用和地震资料对断层的识别能力高于对砂体的分辨能力，操作简便、实用，对断陷盆地的深化勘探具有指导意义。     

Distribution and germination of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea

The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated. The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 25 diatom species (including varieties) belonging to 16 genera were detected. Viable resting stage cells were common, on the order of 10³ to 10⁶ cells/g dry mass. The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina, S. dohrnii, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp., with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell. The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25℃), salinity (20, 25, 30, 35 psu) and light intensity (0, 300, 4 000, 8 000 lux) on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined. The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells (p <0.01) and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness. Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination. The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea, which could serve as a "seed bank" in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.     

The relationship between the canonical ENSO and the phase transition of the Antarctic oscillation at the quasi-quadrennial timescale

A correlation analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) at the quasi-quadrennial (QQ) timescale.It is found that the cold tongue index (CTI) and the AAO index (AAOI) are negatively correlated with about a 7-month lead-time,while they are positively correlated with about a 15-month lag-time.To further explore this relationship,complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is employed in the QQ sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies from 1951 to 2002.The results indicate that,during the ENSO cycle,there exists one kind of global tropical wave of wavenumber 1 (GTW1) propagating eastward.With the traveling of GTW1,the tropical SLP anomaly tends to intrude into the southern mid-latitudes.Accordingly,three strong signals travel synchronously along the circumSouth-Pacific path,and a relatively weak signal extends eastward and poleward over the South Ocean in the Atlantic-Indian Ocean sector.Following the propagation of these signals,the AAO phase tends to be reversed progressively.As a result,there exists an evident lead-lag correlation between CTI and AAOI.It can be concluded that ENSO plays a key role in the phase transition of AAO at the QQ timescale.It is also noticed that this regular relationship is only evident in the canonical ENSO events,for which sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend westward from the tropical eastern Pacific.On the other hand,the similar relationships are not found among those atypical ENSO events for which SST anomalies spread eastward from the central Pacific,such as the 1982-1983 ENSO event.     

青藏高原东南缘构造应力场重构

采用有限元方法,针对青藏高原东南缘建立更细致、更精确的三维有限元弹性模型。选取9种不同的应力边界条件,分别进行优化分析后处理,将对应台站形变模拟值与GPS实测值进行误差分析,最终选取最佳方案作为古构造应力场。结果表明,青藏高原东南缘4 Ma BP的古应力场主要起源于中国大陆周围板块的相互作用,特别是印度板块NNE向强烈碰撞作用,成为中国大陆尤其是西南部青藏高原地区构造应力场最主要的动力来源,控制各个块体相互作用的方式和运动格局。青藏高原东南缘古应力场主要包括几个力源：西北部青藏高原侧向挤压造成的WE向应力约105 MPa;西南部直接来自于印度板块的NE-WS向应力约70 MPa;南部NS向作用力33 MPa;东南部扬子块体侧向NW-SE阻挡力56 MPa;北东部受扬子块体强烈EW向阻挡力90 MPa。这些力源共同作用于青藏高原东南缘,形成现今复杂应力场。
     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区黄羊山岩体岩石学特征

在前人研究基础上,对黄羊山岩体取得了新的认识:萨北岩体和苏吉泉岩体只是黄羊山岩体的一个组成部分,并非单独岩体.黄羊山岩体寄主岩石划分为中粒黑云母碱长花岗岩、中粒角闪石碱长花岗岩、中粒钠铁闪石碱长花岗岩、中细粒钠铁闪石碱长花岗岩、细粒黑云母碱长花岗岩和细粒混合花岗岩(含石墨)6个单元.岩石学及矿物特征表明,岩体有从黑云母碱长花岗岩向钠铁闪石碱长花岗岩演化的趋势,可能是幔源重熔分异的碱性花岗岩(A型花岗岩),而闪长质微细粒包体及大量发育的闪长(玢)岩脉和辉绿(玢)岩脉提供了有力的佐证,初步研究认为黄羊山岩体形成于后碰撞张性环境,其就位与卡拉麦里断裂有关,其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区显生宙幔源岩浆活动及其分异产物导致大陆地壳垂向生长过程.     

Effects of wind waves of the Pacific westerly on the eastern Pacific wave transport

There exists a tongueshaped swelldominance pool known as Swell Pool (SP) in the Eastern Pacific region. The monthlymean wave transports (WT) for each month of 2000 is computed using the wave products of ECMWF reanalysis data. By comparing the 2000 monthlymean WT and monthlymean wind field from QUICKSCAT, large differences are found between the wave transport direction and the wind direction over the Eastern Pacific. This may serve as an evidence for the existence of the SP in this region. The work done in this study indicates that the sources of swell in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) are in the westerly regions of the Southern and Northern Pacific.