中国近海前新生代油气勘探新领域探索

中国近海分布着广泛的前新生代地层 ,特别是台湾海峡盆地至渤海海域 ,50 %探井的钻遇此套地层。前新生代地层在海域以沉积岩为主 ,厚度大 ,时代全 ,主要为华北地台与下扬子准地台为背景的新生代沉积基础层。通过地化分析、油岩对比 ,证明前新生代沉积岩有良好的生烃条件。经源岩对比 ,证明源岩对油气的成藏作出了贡献。井的测试结果与储层分析都证明前新生代地层有良好的储集性能。海域前新生代地层是下步油气勘探的新领域 ,有广阔的前景。预测存在有前生前储、新生前储及混合 3种类型油气藏     

西藏错勤—申扎剖面大地电磁测深研究

通过对西藏冈底斯地区错勤—申扎大地电磁测深剖面的研究,揭示了该地区壳幔结构特征.上地壳底界面深度大约20 km,在扎日南木错以西和当惹雍错以东地区分别发育壳幔高导层(体).高导层(体)的中心——电阻率低值区出现在20~40 km深度,其根部可追踪到上地幔.从高导层(体)的发育特征推断:错勤—申扎剖面壳幔高导层(体)是在印度板块与欧亚板块主、晚碰撞阶段地幔热流物质上涌和后碰撞阶段地壳东西向拉张作用下,导致中、下地壳岩石相继发生两期部分熔融的结果.而当惹雍错可能是一条深度可能达到上地幔的深、大断裂.     

Type of major water hazards and study of countermeasures in Shennan Mining Area

By analysing the hydrogeological conditions of this region and the coal mines hereof, together with the water hazards troubled Shennan mine area in recent years, this paper summarized six types of mine water hazards. As per the basic characteristics, geological distribution, threat degree and difficulty of prevention of various water hazards, along with the practice of water prevention in the mining area, this article proposed effective technical measures for the prevention and control of different water hazards and laid a solid foundation for the safe production in the mining area.     

Influence of cation distribution on the optical absorption spectra of Fe3+-bearing spinel s.s.–hercynite crystals: evidence for electron transitions in VIFe2+–VIFe3+ clusters

Flux-grown Fe³⁺-bearing spinel s.s.–hercynite solid-solution crystals, (Mg _1-y Fe²⁺ _y )Al₂O₄ (0 < y≤ 1), have been investigated by means of electron microprobe technique and Mössbauer and electronic spectroscopy. Obtained results show that different electronic processes cause intense optical absorption bands in the near-infrared spectral region. In addition to an electronic d–d transition in single-ion ^IVFe²⁺, observed at 5200 cm^?1, intense and broad bands at 9500 and 14 500 cm^?1 are assigned to exchange-coupled pair (ECP) and intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) transitions in ^VI Fe ^{2+ VI} Fe³⁺clusters, respectively. The net linear extinction coefficients of these bands (α) were calibrated against Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ concentrations and site distributions previously defined by combined microchemical, Mössbauer, and XRD structural refinement data. The following expressions were obtained: where α is measured in cm^?1 and concentrations are expressed in mol?l^?1. The present results show that optical absorption spectroscopy may be used as a probe to obtain high spatial resolution (?～ 10 μm) information on Fe²⁺ ordering as well as on Fe³⁺ concentrations in minerals belonging to the spinel group.     

西北太平洋: 21世纪的地理--政治枢纽

20世纪初,英国著名地理学家麦金德在其名著《历史的地理枢纽》一书中,通过对地理大发现以后世界政治地图,尤其是欧洲政治地图变化的分析,提出了“大陆腹地”的概念,并把中、东欧地区称为国际政治的“枢纽”地区。二战以后,美、英等西方国家正是基于麦金德的这一思路,把围堵“枢纽”地区作为其全球战略的重中之重,拉开了长达半个世纪的“冷战”帷幕。冷战结束以后,世界政治地理格局发生了重大变化,西北太平洋地区以其重要的地理位置、蓬勃发展的经济和急剧增长的军备,成为国际地缘政治中新的“枢纽”地区。本文从政治军事地理角度对这一问题进行了初步研究,供关心西北太平洋地区局势的同仁参考。     

Modelling Thermohaline Properties in an Estuarine Upwelling Ecosystem (R?&#x0301;a de Vigo: NW Spain) Using Box-Jenkins Transfer Function Models

Since 1987, twice weekly, hydrological variables have been monitored at a fixed station in the R?&#x0301;a de Vigo (NW Spain), aiming to examine the time scales of variability and the relationships to meteorological conditions. The present paper analyses: (1) the advantage of Box-Jenkins transfer function (TF) models (single output–multiple input), a type of linear stochastic model, to describe the dynamic behaviour of the system; and (2) the coupling between the R?&#x0301;a and meteorological events at the time scale of autonomy of this coastal inlet affected by the Iberian coastal upwelling, approximately a fortnightly period. In order to achieve these objectives, thermohaline properties have been used to characterize the estuarine ecosystem (output variables), while wind regime, runoff in the drainage basin and incoming solar radiation have been considered as the main forcing variables (input variables). The use of the amplitude time series, derived from principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the deseasonalized meteorological variables, is also explored as a different set of input variables.When compared with standard regression models, all TF models built to describe thermohaline behaviour had reduced residual variance. Similar TF models, as well as percentage of explained variance, were also obtained when meteorological variables or the amplitude time series were used as input variables. The fitted TF models provided an insight into the ‘ inertial ’ behaviour of the system and the time scales of coupling of the system with the forcing variables. The plausible physical mechanisms which link the response of the system with the observed meteorological variability are also discussed. As could be expected, bottom thermohaline properties show a stronger inertial behaviour than the surface ones, which is particularly marked for bottom temperature. Besides, the shelf domain, by means of upwelling-downwelling events, strongly influences surface and bottom temperature, as well as bottom salinity; by contrast, surface salinity is mainly influenced by the effect of wind along the main axis of the R?&#x0301;a and runoff. In relation to the time scales of coupling between the system and the forcing variables, thermohaline properties show a dependance with the meteorological conditions in, at least, the immediately preceding fortnight period. It was concluded that: (1) TF models that incorporate meteorological information described the dynamic behaviour of the system adequately; and (2) this type of model can be useful as a first approximation to develop more sophisticated (deterministic) models, since, with the purpose of modelling any state variable of the system, both the coupling between different domains and the time scales of the interactions must be taken into account.     

Force and Displacement Based Vulnerability Assessment for Traditional Buildings

Vulnerability assessment for historic buildings is usually carried out using capacity based approaches and prediction of losses is obtained by using normal or lognormal distributions for expected levels of macro seismic intensity or peak ground accelerations. Several authors have outlined the limitations of such approach. The paper presents a method to correlate analysis of seismic vulnerability using a failure mechanisms approach to observed in situ damage. The various aspects of the procedure are highlighted with application to a real case. It is shown how once the typologies within a sample have been identified, fragility curves for each of them can be derived and predictive cumulative damage curve obtained for samples for which direct survey of damage data is lacking. Finally the paper shows how the failure mechanism approach can be used to derive damage scenarios both in terms of spectral acceleration and spectral displacement     

Reconsidering Melt-water Pulses 1A and 1B： Global Impacts of Rapid Sea-level Rise

Re-evaluation of the post-glacial sea level derived from the Barbados coral-reef borings suggests slightly revised depth ranges and timing of melt-water pulses MWP-1A (96-76m, 14.3-14.0ka cal BP) and 1B (58-45 m, 11.5-11.2ka cal BP), respectively. Ages of non-reef sea-level indicators from the Sunda Shelf, the East China Sea and Yellow Sea for these two intervals are unreliable because of the well-documented radiocarbon (^14C) plateau, but their vertical clustering corresponds closely with MWP-1A and 1B depth ranges. Close correlation of the revised sea-level curve with Greenland ice-core data suggests that the ^14C plateau may be related to oceanographic-atmospheric changes due to rapid sea-level rise, fresh-water input, and impaired ocean circulation. MWP-1A appears to have occurred at the end of Bφlling Warm Transition, suggesting that the rapid sea-level rise may have resulted from lateral heat transport from low to high-latitude regions and subsequent abrupt ice-sheet collapses in both North America-Europe and Antarctica. An around 70 mma^-1 transgression during MWP-1A may have increased freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic by as much as an order of magnitude, thereby disturbing thermohaline circulation and initiating the Older Dryas global cooling.     

Wide Binaries from Few-Body Interactions

The orbital properties of wide binaries are modified by stellar encounters during their lifetimes as field stars. The few body process is particularly efficient right after the star formation in star clusters. In this article we review the orbital parameters which we expect from the few-body process. First, the solutions of the General Three-Body Problem are described, and then a detailed discussion of the theory relevant to binaries follows. Among other things, Öpik's law of the distribution of semi- major axes of the binaries is derived. In addition, we summarize recent results from the few-body problem of extended bodies which may be relevant to the early dynamical evolution of protostellar clouds.