哀牢山-金沙江碱性岩带南段云南金平八一村钾质碱性花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

云南省金平县八一村钾质碱性花岗岩中的锆石由岩浆锆石和岩浆复合型锆石(老核新壳锆石)组成，以后者居多。锆石定年结果表明，岩浆锆石和岩浆复合型锆石的新壳SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为37Ma，反映岩浆上侵定位时的结晶时间，相当于始新世晚期。锆石老核获得的最大年龄为510Ma和177Ma，相当于晚寒武世和中侏罗世，表明该岩体保存有寒武纪和侏罗纪地质事件信息，而42～48Ma年龄可能是混合年龄。最后对锆石的成因和花岗岩的成岩机制等进行了初步探讨。     

Toward Understanding the Extreme Floods over Yangtze River Valley in June?July 2020: Role of Tropical Oceans※

The extreme floods in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Valley (MLYRV) during June?July 2020 caused more than 170 billion Chinese Yuan direct economic losses. Here, we examine the key features related to this extreme event and explore relative contributions of SST anomalies in different tropical oceans. Our results reveal that the extreme floods over the MLYRV were tightly related to a strong anomalous anticyclone persisting over the western North Pacific, which brought tropical warm moisture northward that converged over the MLYRV. In addition, despite the absence of a strong El Ni?o in 2019/2020 winter, the mean SST anomaly in the tropical Indian Ocean during June?July 2020 reached its highest value over the last 40 years, and 43％ (57％) of it is attributed to the multi-decadal warming trend (interannual variability). Based on the NUIST CFS1.0 model that successfully predicted the wet conditions over the MLYRV in summer 2020 initiated from 1 March 2020 (albeit the magnitude of the predicted precipitation was only about one-seventh of the observed), sensitivity experiment results suggest that the warm SST condition in the Indian Ocean played a dominant role in generating the extreme floods, compared to the contributions of SST anomalies in the Maritime Continent, central and eastern equatorial Pacific, and North Atlantic. Furthermore, both the multi-decadal warming trend and the interannual variability of the Indian Ocean SSTs had positive impacts on the extreme floods. Our results imply that the strong multi-decadal warming trend in the Indian Ocean needs to be taken into consideration for the prediction/projection of summer extreme floods over the MLYRV in the future.     

郯庐断裂带的脉动式伸展活动

郯庐断裂带于晚白垩世至早第三纪经历了强烈的伸 展活动,普遍控制发育了断陷盆 地。断裂带中、南段的伸展活动起始于晚白垩世早期,而北段起始于早第三纪早期,具有明 显向北迁移的规律。断裂带的伸展活动呈脉动式渐进发展。现已发现在晚白垩 世至早第三纪该断裂带发生了6次伸展事件,在所控制的盆地内相应有明显的沉积响应。断 裂带伸展活动的影响和规模由早至晚逐渐扩大。这些伸展活动的迁移现象和脉动式发展与同 期的太平洋板块活动有关。     

Constraints on incipient charnockite formation from zircon geochronology and rare earth element characteristics

We present high spatial resolution ion-microprobe U–Th–Pb geochronology and rare earth element (REE) data combined with cathodoluminescence (CL) and back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging for complex zircons in incipient charnockites from Söndrum, SW Sweden. Examination of closely paired samples across the dehydration zone demonstrates that incipient charnockite formation at Söndrum is a zircon-forming process. We determined the age of the dehydration event (i.e. charnockitisation) to 1,397 ± 4 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.7). This is the first successful attempt to date incipient charnockite formation using U–Pb systematics of zircon. Internal structure, chemical and isotopic characteristics of zircon indicate that the granitic pegmatite in the core of the incipient charnockite is a melting zone. Commonly observed bulk rock HREE depletion in incipient charnockites is not caused by zircon dissolution but by involvement of garnet as a reactant in the dehydration reactions. Moreover, REE patterns of the newly formed zircon are HREE-enriched, indicating non-concurrent growth and suggesting that the degree of charnockite depletion in HREE might be controlled by the volume of newly formed zircon.     

哀牢山构造带两侧上志留统-下泥盆统碎屑锆石年代学:物源及其构造意义

哀牢山古特提斯洋的打开时限及其缝合带的具体位置对理解哀牢山古特提斯洋构造演化具有非常重要的意义。本文采用碎屑锆石年代学方法,分析了哀牢山构造带及其两侧不同时期沉积物源的特征及其变化,解译了其物源差别所指示的哀牢山古特提斯洋盆打开时限以及缝合带的构造位置。碎屑锆石年代学显示,哀牢山构造带两侧上志留统碎屑锆石都记录一个~450 Ma的最年轻的峰值和一个格林威尔期造山事件的年龄群(1100~800 Ma),以及一个2600~2400 Ma的次峰;不同于上志留统,构造带东侧下泥盆统碎屑锆石并未出现年轻的~450 Ma峰值年龄信息,西侧U-Pb年龄分布模式与上志留统一致,记录~450 Ma峰值年龄信息,而且构造带两侧下泥盆统碎屑锆石的2600~2400 Ma的峰值明显要强于上志留统。区域上发表的碎屑锆石年代学资料,也揭示相同的年龄峰值。因此,综合区域上的其他地质资料,我们认为哀牢山古特提斯洋盆的打开时限应该在晚志留世-早泥盆世,哀牢山断裂带代表了哀牢山洋盆闭合的位置。     

砂岩型铀矿光谱特征匹配技术研究

本根据成像光谱数据的特点，采用高精度光谱数据预处理技术和基于相关系数测度的光谱匹配技术，实现了岩石矿物光谱特征波形对比分析及诊断光谱信息提取。在此基础上，以云南腾冲铀矿区和内蒙古海拉尔盆地为例，进行试验研究，取得实效。     

Master of the Obscure—Automated Geostatistical Classification in Presence of Complex Geophysical Processes

The topic of this paper is the retrieval of hidden or secondary information on complex spatial variables from geophysical data. Typical situations of obscured geological or geophysical information are the following: (1) Noise may disturb the signal for a variable for which measurements have been collected. (2) The variable of interest may be obscured by other geophysical processes. (3) The information of interest may formally be captured in a secondary variable, whereas data may have been collected for a primary variable only, that is related to the geophysical process of interest. Examples discussed here include mapping of marine-geologic provinces from bathymetric data, identification of sea-ice properties from snow-depth data, analysis of snow surface data in an Alpine environment and association of deformation types in fast-moving glaciers from airborne video material or satellite imagery. Data types include geophysical profile or trackline data, image data, grid or matrix-type data, and more generally, any two-dimensional or three-dimensional discrete or discretizable data sets. The framework for a solution is geostatistical characterization and classification, which typically involves the following steps: (1) calculation of vario functions (which may be of higher order or residual type, or combinations of both), (2) derivation of classification parameters from vario functions, and (3) characterization, classification or segmentation, depending on the applied problem. In some situations, spatial surface roughness is utilized as an auxiliary variable, for instance, roughness of the seafloor may be derived from bathymetric data and be indicative of geological provinces. The objective of this paper is to present components of the geostatistical classification method in a summarizing and synoptical manner, motivated by applied examples and integrating principal and generalized concepts, such as hyperparameters and parameters that relate to the same physical processes and work for data in oversampled and undersampled situations, parameters that facilitate comparison among different data types, data sets and across scales, variograms and vario functions of higher order, and deterministic and connectionist classification algorithms.     

因子分析在藏北商旭金矿床地球化学勘查中的应用

西藏双湖县商旭金矿床位于班公湖—怒江成矿带中部,矿体受NWW向断裂构造控制,呈脉状、透镜状产出,赋矿围岩为木噶岗日群炭质板岩及变质砂岩,矿石矿物为自然金,矿石类型主要为石英脉型与绢英岩型,为一典型的造山型金矿床。在对矿床地质特征、成矿条件分析的基础上,利用矿区岩屑地球化学数据,运用因子分析等多元统计方法,研究矿区地球化学元素组合,共划分出Cu-Pb-Zn元素组合分区、Au-Ag元素组合分区、As-Sb元素组合分区以及W-Mo-Bi元素组合分区等4个地球化学分区,绘制了因子得分等值线图,并在此基础上探讨找矿方向。结合矿区地质特征认为,Au、Ag元素组合和As、Sb组合为商旭金矿床的最佳地球化学标志元素,下一步地质工作重点应放在Ⅱ_1号、Ⅲ_1号矿体深部及周围,同时可布置适当的工程在Ⅲ号矿段西部A预测区,以追索Ⅲ_1系列矿体向西的延伸。     

准噶尔盆地南缘下组合现今温压场特征及其控制因素

准噶尔盆地南缘下组合储层是近年来油气勘探的热点,目前南缘下组合储层多处于高温高压条件,但是温压发育特征及成因机理尚不明确。本文基于大量油田钻井实测温度和压力数据,对该区现今地温梯度及温度、压力分布特征进行了系统研究,探讨了温压场分布的控制因素。研究表明,准噶尔盆地南缘地区现今地温梯度普遍在13.2℃/km~23.7℃/km之间,平均为18.2℃/km,地温梯度高值分布于齐古断褶带中部和阜康断裂带西部。大地热流介于26.4 mW/m²~46.0 mW/m2,平均值为36.1 mW/m²,属于准噶尔盆地内地温梯度及热流较低的地区,这主要受到盆地基底格局的控制。南缘西段卡因迪克地区压力系数以常压为主,位于四棵树凹陷的高探1井、独山1井和西湖1井下组合地层在6000 m左右开始发育强超压。南缘东段下组合层系均发育弱超压或强超压,自西向东压力系数逐渐增高。根据声波时差—有效应力关系反映南缘地区下组合地层除不均衡压实作用外,还存在横向构造挤压及有机质生烃的超压机制,喜马拉雅期较强的横向构造挤压是盆地南缘下组合发育异常高压的重要因素之一,有机质生烃是西山窑组—三工河组超压层形成的主要原因。     

岩溶土壤系统对空气CO_2的吸收及其对陆地系统碳汇的意义——以桂林丫吉村岩溶试验场的野外观测和模拟实验为例

以桂林丫吉村岩溶实验场为例 ,对湿润亚热带岩溶土壤系统进行了土壤植被系统CO2 浓度变化、土壤有机质分解的CO2 产生等野外观测以及实验室土壤灰岩土柱系统模拟实验。实验表明在土壤地球化学条件的控制下 ,岩溶土壤系统存在着对空气CO2 的显著吸收效应 ,其值可达 2 2～ 130 g/ (m2 ·a) ,并以此为依据估算了中国岩溶土壤系统对大气的碳汇约为 4× 10 13g/a。因而揭示了岩溶土壤系统可能是十分重要的陆地碳汇 ,在讨论全球碳汇饱和问题中必须重视这一碳汇的变化。