Practising geographical knowledge: fields, bodies and dissemination

In this article we make a case for a renewed emphasis upon some of the generic, albeit often tacit, spaces of practice that we share across our sub–disciplinary boundaries. In this we seek to emphasize the ways in which everyday actions make up the grander facades of institutional agendas, empirical projects and disciplinary schools of thought. To achieve this we trace the performance of disciplinary contours and identities across three important sites: the field, the body and the act of dissemination. There are, we will argue, significant commonalities that bind us as disciplinary practitioners in terms of how we perform within and across these sites, and indeed, how we join them up through our practices.     

做好基层防震减灾宣传工作的几点对策

当前，城市防震减灾宣传工作卓有成效，但在存在诸多困难的广大基层，特别是农村地区的防震减灾宣传工作还有很多不尽人意的地方。作者在借鉴一些基层地震部门工作经验的基础上，结合自身工作实际总结出了做好基层防震减灾宣传工作的几点对策。     

关于建立我国卫星电视授时系统的方案

提出搭载现存的卫星TV广播系统进行高精度授时的方案,改进和提高我国的授时服务。该方案与现存的短波、长波授时比较,有许多优点：精度高、复盖面大、用户设备简单,能24小时连续服务,并包含有更多的时间信息、自动定时和输出标准频率。2～3年就能建成本系统．即可以投入使用,且投资很少。     

复杂网络中多话题信息传播仿真研究

传统复杂网络话题传播研究,重点关注的是单个话题在网络中的传播,较少考虑多话题之间的相互影响因素。论文分析舆论传播过程中多个话题之间的竞争关系对话题传播的影响机制,建立基于复杂网络的多话题信息传播模型。通过对模型仿真实验及其结果分析表明,当引入个体信息环境影响因素后,一个话题的影响力大于舆论话题环境中其他话题的平均影响力,才会有较大概率影响到更多个体,否则只能在小范围内传播;个体对于话题记忆能力的变化在不同网络中会产生不同影响,在随机网络和BA网络中,人们对于话题的记忆越深,其传播的影响范围越大,而在规则网络和小世界网络中,较小的记忆长度能够让话题传播影响力更大;同时,在具有社群结构的网络中,度大的节点并非会一定会更多的参与某一话题的传播,因为度大的节点有更大概率获得更多的话题。     

西北某喷流沉积型铁铜矿工艺矿物学研究

西北某铁铜多金属矿床规模大,具有铁、铜、金、铅锌等多金属矿化,属于海底喷流沉积型矿床。笔者采用工艺矿物学研究方法,查明了矿石工艺矿物学特性。研究结果表明,矿石的组成矿物种类较为复杂,铁矿物主要是磁铁矿、半假象―假象赤铁矿和菱铁矿,其次为赤铁矿,铜矿物主要包括黄铜矿和斑铜矿。矿石中铁矿物和铜矿物均具不均匀细粒―微细粒嵌布特征;通过选矿可获得铜精矿和铁精矿。     

一种基于主题爬行模式的地理信息分布式检索方法

当前网络中地理信息以几何形式递增,为了高效地从海量网络信息中检索出高质量的地理信息,本文提出了一种基于主题爬行的地理信息分布式检索方法。本文采用面向对象的方法将网络地理数据按照四元组的要求进行分解和组织,对地物实体的主题文本特征、地理空间特征、时间维特征等相关信息进行封装,建立四元组实体对象,实现了地理信息数据的相互集成与组织。引入MapReduce模式的并行处理机制完成对网页中地理信息数据的优化存储与索引,并且通过分别计算网页文本、地理文本与查询关键词的主题相关性对爬取的网页进行有序的排列,从而提供快捷、高效的地理信息主题查询。     

Volunteered geographic information research in the first decade: a narrative review of selected journal articles in GIScience

ABSTRACT

More than 10 years have passed since the coining of the term volunteered geographic information (VGI) in 2007. This article presents the results of a review of the literature concerning VGI. A total of 346 articles published in 24 international refereed journals in GIScience between 2007 and 2017 have been reviewed. The review has uncovered varying levels of popularity of VGI research over space and time, and varying interests in various sources of VGI (e.g. OpenStreetMap) and VGI-related terms (e.g. user-generated content) that point to the multi-perspective nature of VGI. Content-wise, using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), this study has extracted 50 specific research topics pertinent to VGI. The 50 topics have been subsequently clustered into 13 intermediate topics and three overarching themes to allow a hierarchical topic review. The overarching VGI research themes include (1) VGI contributions and contributors, (2) main fields applying VGI, and (3) conceptions and envisions. The review of the articles under the three themes has revealed the progress and the points that demand attention regarding the individual topics. This article also discusses the areas that the existing research has not yet adequately explored and proposes an agenda for potential future research endeavors.     

基于新闻大数据的北极地区地缘关系研究

随着全球气候变暖,北极地区海冰大面积消融,引发了严重环境问题,同时使得北极航道成为可能,北极地区的战略地位显著提升。作为近北极国家,北极地区国际关系变化对中国的北极政策有直接影响。全面实时地分析北极地区地缘关系及其变化特征,对中国制定北极地区的政治、经济、外交政策具有重要指导作用。海量全球实时开放数据库的出现以及大数据技术的发展,如GDELT新闻事件数据库提供了覆盖全世界的源于各国主要媒体服务平台的新闻数据,为地缘关系实时监控及分析提供了可能性。本文利用GDELT数据库,引入labeled- LDA主题分析的理论与方法,挖掘了2013—2019年北极圈内8个国家和地区社会发展关键要素,构建了国家（地区）交互网络,发现了北极地区国家（地区）之间关系的演变格局。主要结论为：① 北极地区热点新闻主题聚焦于气候变化/冰盖融化,冰盖融化是北极地缘关系变化的主要驱动因子;② 冰盖融化新闻热度与海冰监测数据变化存在极强的相关性;③ 随着冰盖融化,北极地区的社会经济军事活动激增,其主导权的争夺日趋激烈,总体呈现出俄罗斯、加拿大主导的格局。     

Mitigating Risks From Fracking-Related Earthquakes: Assessing State Regulatory Decisions

Public concern about earthquakes linked to wastewater injection from fracking operations is rising. However, few have examined how “induced seismicity” is acted upon by state officials. For some, an incremental response to smaller quakes can be viewed as an acceptable risk policy orientation because of the sizeable economic benefits that accompany drilling activities while others prefer risk mitigation policies (such as the use of “threshold policies”) as a better way to address quake-related problems. To account for state response to induced seismicity impacts, we examine three factors: the emergence of quakes as focusing events, the economic importance of oil and gas to state jobs and revenue, and selected characteristics of earthquakes as a policy issue, i.e., complexity and categorical precedence. Using information drawn from documentary sources, we consider which factors are most helpful in accounting for agency decisions aimed at reducing seismic risks linked to nearby injection wells.