酸性环境下类砂岩材料波速特性分析

在酸性环境条件下进行的加速腐蚀试验,研究了不同时段和不同酸度条件下类砂岩材料砂浆的纵波性质变化规律,分析了化学反应速率、酸液中H+,Ca2+浓度变化和形成胶体化合物性质之间的联系,发现反应过程具有阶段性和离子溶出具有滞后性的特征,为酸雨地区混凝土和砂岩力学性质的研究提供了可以借鉴的思路。     

隧道围岩特性曲线数值模拟与分析

由于围岩特性曲线中只有圆形坑道才有解析解,对马蹄形坑道只能近似地将其转换成圆形[1],加上其它因素,如围岩原始数据、原始应力场、初始位移等的确定问题,使得特征曲线法在一般衬砌设计,特别是衬砌标准图设计中难以应用。笔者采用弹塑性有限元方法绘制了不同埋深、各种围岩级别下的铁路标准设计单、双线毛洞的围岩特征曲线,得出不同围岩级别、不同埋深、不同洞形和尺寸下围岩特性曲线的变化规律。对特性曲线法在隧道衬砌设计中的应用有实际意义。     

某高层建筑桩筏基础桩间土反力原位测试研究

通过对陕西省邮政电信网管中心大楼工程的桩筏基础进行原位测试,分析得到了西北黄土地区高层建筑桩筏基础的沉降特性、桩间土反力分布、桩顶反力分布、桩间土与桩承担竖向荷载的比例,其结果可供实际工程设计及高层建筑结构设计计算理论研究参考。     

新疆东准噶尔扎河坝橄榄岩单斜辉石、铬尖晶石地球化学特征及铬铁矿成矿作用

扎河坝蛇绿岩是东准噶尔地区一条重要的蛇绿岩带,主要由橄榄岩、层状辉长岩、玄武岩、斜长花岗岩、硅质岩等组成.其中橄榄岩主要由方辉辉橄岩(方辉橄榄岩)、二辉橄榄岩和少量纯橄岩组成.二辉橄榄岩中的单斜辉石Cr2O3平均1.11％,Al2O3平均4.77％,MgO平均16.99％,CaO平均21.84％,SiO2平均50.00...     

Compositional variation of phlogopite in a marble sample: implications for geological thermobarometry

Abstract The textural and compositional features of phlogopites in a contact-metamorphic dolomite marble inclusion in the Bergell intrusion (central Alps) and in a metasomatic reaction vein cutting through this marble suggest different origins for vein phlogopites:
(a) High-Al vein phlogopite represents former marble phlogopite which has been compositionally modified by reaction with the vein forming fluid.
(b) Low-Al vein phlogopite represents phlogopite precipitated from the vein forming fluid.
As both types of vein phlogopite were in contact with the same vein forming fluid at the same time, low-Al phlogopite most likely represents an equilibrium phlogopite composition, whereas high-Al phlogopite does not. High-Al vein phlogopite retained its Al-content from the contact-metamorphic marble parent phlogopite and only underwent Fe-Mg exchange with the metasomatic fluid.
All the vein phlogopites studied are strongly enriched in Fe relative to marble phlogopite. The data may suggest in general that phlogopite Al/Si ratios may be retained from the conditions under which the phlogopites first formed, whereas the Mg/Fe-ratios may be substantially modified by exchange with other ferromagnesian solid phases and/or a metamorphic fluid at later stages in their metamorphic history. This may have significant effects on calculated pressures and temperatures from thermobarometers involving biotite.     

Orthopyroxene–sillimanite–quartz assemblages: distribution, petrology, quantitative P–T–X constraints and P–T paths

Granulite facies magnesian metapelites commonly preserve a wide array of mineral assemblages and reaction textures that are useful for deciphering the metamorphic evolution of a terrane. Quantitative pressure, temperature and bulk composition constraints on the development and preservation of characteristic peak granulite facies mineral assemblages such as orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz are assessed with reference to calculated phase diagrams. In NCKFMASH and its chemical subsystems, peak assemblages form mainly in high‐variance fields, and most mineral assemblage changes reflect multivariant equilibria. The rarity of orthopyroxene–sillimanite–quartz‐bearing assemblages in granulite facies rocks reflects the need for bulk rock X_Mg of greater than approximately 0.60–0.65, with pressures and temperatures exceeding c. 8 kbar and 850 °C, respectively. Cordierite coronas mantling peak minerals such as orthopyroxene, sillimanite and quartz have historically been used to infer isothermal decompression P–T paths in ultrahigh‐temperature granulite facies terranes. However, a potentially wide range of P–T paths from a given peak metamorphic condition facilitate retrograde cordierite growth after orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz, indicating that an individual mineral reaction texture is unable to uniquely define a P–T vector. Therefore, the interpretation of P–T paths in high‐grade rocks as isothermal decompression or isobaric cooling may be overly simplistic. Integration of quantitative data from different mineral reaction textures in rocks with varying bulk composition will provide the strongest constraints on a P–T path, and in turn on tectonic models derived from these paths.     

大石桥地区辽河岩群变泥质岩石中几种重要的变质反应及其地质意义

在大石桥地区进行１：５００００地质填图过程中，经过大量的岩石薄片观察，在江河岩群变泥质岩石中，首次发现了红柱石转变为蓝晶石和十字石转变为蓝青石的变质反应．详细的岩相学、岩石化学及矿物化学的研究表明，变泥质岩中先后发生的这两种变质反应，代表了本区变质作用演化的两个重要阶段．揭示了本区在伸展体制下地壳拉伸、减薄和收缩体制下的褶叠、推覆及之后的抗返、抬升的地球动力学过程．     

递增变质作用研究中的科学问题

递增变质带广泛出露于全球元古代至新生代的众多造山带中，但递增变质作用的成因尚不完全清楚。本文归纳了典型递增变质带的研究成果，讨论了如下几个悬而未决的科学问题：递增变质带的热源、变质反应与变质作用P- T- t轨迹特征、流体来源与作用、变质与变形耦合关系、花岗岩及混合岩化作用、递增变质带的折返/隆升机制，以及递增变质作用的构造成因等。本文综述了上述科学问题研究进展，探讨了递增变质作用的可能成因。     

Experimental study of gold activation-transportation in the process of potash metasomatism-alteration——North China platform gold deposit taken as an example

Chemical reactions of plagioclase, biotite and their singleminerals, as well as a mineral mixture of (plagioclase +biotite+quartz), with KCl and (KCl+KHCO3) solutions were carried out at 150400℃ and 5080 MPa. Experiments show that alkaline fluid promotes plagioclase’s changing into potash feldspar, while acid fluid helps plagioclase, potash feldspar and biotite alteration form chlorite and sericite. After chemical reaction the acidity-alkalinity of solutions often changes reversely. It was observed that gold dissolved from the tube wall and recrystallized on the surfaces of biotite and pyrite. Therefore the transportation and enrichment of gold are related to the elementary effect of the fluid-mineral interfaces. Fe3+-Fe2+, as an oxidition-reduction agent, and volatile components Cl? and CO2 play important roles in the reaction process.     

剪切应力作用下晶质矿物的化学行为及其地质意义

地壳中晶质矿物的化学行为主要为溶解、固相－固相反应和表面化学行为３类，剪切应力作用可以加速和促进这３类行为。其原因主要在于剪切应力作用可以改变矿物的晶格结构，增加其内部和表面缺陷。