页岩孔隙度测量实验方法分析与评价

页岩气是目前国内外非常规油气领域研究的热点,有效的页岩孔隙度值是评价页岩储层物性的重要参数。由于页岩本身具有易碎的特点,导致钻取柱体样品难度大,很多学者采用碎样法计算孔隙度,但碎样法与柱体法的差别及测定结果的有效性并未见相关研究成果。本文对相同样品通过三种不同方法:氦气膨胀法测孔隙度(柱体),真、视密度法及低温氮气吸附实验法(样品粉碎至40~60目)分别计算孔隙度。结果发现三种方法测定的三组孔隙度数值不同,每种方法在样品制备上及实验方法的差别是影响实验结果的主要因素,为检验三组孔隙度值的有效性,采用数理统计中的单因素方差分析法进行分析,结果表明页岩柱体与粉碎至40~60目范围内的页岩样品测量的孔隙度值虽有差别,但在有效范围内,具有一致性。但是将页岩粉碎后,页岩中的有效孔隙变化程度较大,故用柱体测定的有效孔隙度法优于其他两种碎样方法。     

不同预处理方法对南海东沙海域沉积物粒度的影响

通过采用不同方法对东沙沉积物样品进行了预处理,并采用综合法进行了粒度分析,以探讨东沙沉积物中碳酸盐和有机质对其粒度的影响。结果表明,去除有机质后沉积物的平均粒径和63~4 μm粒径范围内的组分明显减小,有机质含量变化与平均粒径变化呈明显负相关,说明东沙沉积物中有机质的沉积是伴随细粒悬浮物质和胶体物质沉积下来的,且对细颗粒有明显的絮凝作用;去除碳酸盐后沉积物的平均粒径呈减小趋势,但粒径范围内组分含量的变化不明显,且碳酸盐含量的变化与沉积物粒径变化的关系也不甚密切。     

武汉市科教区冬春季气溶胶的元素组成特征及来源分析

2006-2007年冬春季在武汉市湖北大学校区连续采集气溶胶样品,测定气溶胶元素组成,分析气溶胶样品总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）质量浓度,再结合污染源的特征元素组成来确定污染物的来源构成。结果表明：湖北大学校区大气气溶胶污染程度较轻,气溶胶元素以地壳元素为主,其次是具有代表性的人为污染物元素,再次是盐类元素。通过因子载荷分析和相关性分析显示,湖北大学周边地区的建筑源、交通源和餐饮源是湖北大学校区大气的主要污染源。     

一次中天山暴雨天气的诊断分析

利用常规气象资料、T213物理量、风云2c红外云图及多普勒雷达探测资料,对2008年7月25日17时-26日08时发生在中天山的暴雨天气过程进行了特征分析。结果表明：此次暴雨过程由天气尺度的冷锋暴雨云团造成,暴雨落区出现在高空西南急流轴南侧,各测站的短时强降水由冷锋暴雨云团中的中尺度雨团所致。     

盐城市雾发生规律及其预报

依据盐城市１９８０￣１９９６年的雾资料进行了气候分析,将雾发生的天气形势归纳为弱高压和气旋倒槽两种类型;在此基础上,对单站要素进行了指标分析,由给出的５条指标采用概率加法原理进行雾发生的分析判断;并在气象信息综合分析处理系统（Ｍｉｃａｐｓ）上建立了春运期间雾预报系统,在实际应用中取得了较好的效果。     

QuickBird影像制作1：10000DOM方法探讨

随着卫星遥感影像数据更加广泛地应用于测绘,针对QuickBird影像制作1：10000 DOM的方法,从正射纠正的三种不同方式进行了实验和探讨,分析了利用外业控制点或者在原有DRG、DOM上选取控制点制作DOM的方法、精度、工作量,总结提出了方便、快捷、实用的工作模式。     

三维动态交互式可视化模型——-地理信息系统中的三维表示与分析

针对当前计算机图形技术的发展和GIS多专业应用需求的特点,本文以吉奥之星(Geostar)地理信息系统平台为例,研究了在当前二维系统中如何考虑三维或者2.5维表面表示与分析的问题。提出了集成数字高程模型(DEM)、数字正射影像、常规的矢量数据和各种属性信息在一起,建立一体化的三维数据输入、操作与可视化机制,并在此基础上提出了二维与三维混合表示的空间查询与分析模型。该模型扩展了可视化概念,将可视化技术贯穿于整个GIS运行过程。     

Estimating hydraulic conductivity using grain-size analyses, aquifer tests, and numerical modeling in a riverside alluvial system in South Korea

Hydraulic conductivity (K) for an alluvial system in a riverbank filtration area in Changwon City, South Korea, has been studied using grain-size distribution, pumping and slug tests, and numerical modeling. The alluvial system is composed of layers: upper fine sand, medium sand, lower fine sand, and a highly conductive sand/gravel layer at the base. The geometric mean of K for the sand/gravel layer (9.89?×?10^?4 m s^?1), as determined by grain-size analyses, was 3.33 times greater than the geometric mean obtained from pumping tests (2.97?×?10^?4 m s^?1). The geometric mean of K estimates obtained from slug tests (3.08?×?10^?6 m s^?1) was one to two orders of magnitude lower than that from pumping tests and grain-size analyses. K estimates derived from a numerical model were compared to those derived from the grain-size methods, slug tests and pumping tests in order to determine the degree of deviation from the numerical model. It is considered that the K estimates determined by the slug tests resemble the uppermost part of the alluvial deposit, whereas the K estimates obtained by grain-size analyses and pumping tests are similar to those from the numerical model for the sand/gravel layer of the riverside alluvial system.     

Provenance of Conglomerate and Sandstone from Early Permian Shoushangou Formation in Xi Ujimqin, Inner Mongolia: Implications for Understanding Paleo-Asian Ocean Subduction

During the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, a rift was formed by post-collisional extension after ocean closure or an island arc-related basin formed by Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) subduction in the Xi Ujimqin area. Nevertheless, the closure time of the PAO is still under debate. Thus, to identify the origin of the PAO, the geochemistry and U-Pb age of zircons were analyzed for the extra-large deep marine, polymict clastic boulders and sandstones in the Shoushangou Formation within the basin. The analyses revealed magmatic activity and tectonic evolution. The conglomerates include megaclasts of granite (298.8 ± 9.1?Ma) and granodiorite porphyry (297.1 ± 3.1?Ma), which were deposited by muddy debris flow. Results of this study demonstrated that the boulders of granitoids have the geochemistry of typical I-type granite, characterized by low Zr + Nb + Ce + Y and low Ga/Al values. The granitoid boulders were formed in island arc setting, indicating the presence of arc magmatism in the area that is composed of the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian subduction-related granitoid in southern Xi Ujimqin. Multiple diagrams for determining sedimentary provenance using major and trace elements indicate that Shoushangou sediments originated from continental island arc-related felsic rocks. Detrital zircon U-Pb age cluster of 330–280?Ma was obtained, indicating input from granite, ophiolite, Xilin Gol complex, and Carboniferous sources to the south. The basin was geographically developed behind the arc during the Early Permian period because the outcropped intrusive rocks in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian form a volcanic arc. The comprehensive analyses of source areas suggest that Shoushangou sediments developed in a backarc basin in response to the northward subduction of the PAO. The backarc basin and intrusive rocks, in addition to previously published Late Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatic rocks of arc unit in Xilin Gol, confirm the presence of an Early Permian trench-arc-basin system in the region, represented by the Baolidao arc and Xi Ujimqin backarc basin. This study highlights the importance and potential of combined geochemical and geochronological studies of conglomerates and sandstone for reconstructing the geodynamic setting of a basin.     

基于智能反分析的水布垭电站地下厂房机窝施工方案优化

采用正交设计、三维数值模拟、遗传算法与支持向量机,建立了清江水布垭电站地下厂房的智能反分析流程。按照上述流程,利用前6层开挖的现场监测信息对有关岩层的力学参数进行反分析,根据反分析的参数对后续的机窝施工进行数值模拟计算和方案优化。推荐的机窝施工方案采用槽挖方式,同时应用锚桩、软岩置换、锚喷支护等措施,兼顾了高边墙和机窝岩台的稳定性。优化结果对厂房施工具有重要的指导作用。