道路工程GPS平面控制网建网方法

以往GPS建立的平面坐标系属法线系统,而选线设计均在垂线和水准面为基准的坐标系统下进行,其数据未做两化改正而直接用于施工放样。为了消除因GPS引入线路勘测而引发的法线系统坐标系与垂线系统坐标系之间的矛盾,本文采用逆向两化改正的方法,从理论上提出了直接用GPS建立垂线和水准面系统下平面坐标系的技术路线,并推导出逆向两化改正及其精度评定公式。     

川西理塘第四纪盆地沉积体系、演化及古气候分析

理塘第四纪盆地以河湖相沉积为主,其形成于747ka,消亡于179～180ka。盆地内不同地点的沉积物的时空分布,揭示出古湖泊演化属于一种不连续的扩展型,在其演化过程中存在着多次的消失或萎缩时期;盆地内孢粉组合表明,其形成于一种温热湿润的气候环境,当时的海拔高度在2000m左右,以后高原气候由热变温;冰川发育加剧了古无量河的溯源侵蚀作用,最终切穿盆地,致使湖水外泄,湖泊消亡。理塘盆地的演化历程为研究青藏高原的古气候变化提供了重要证据。     

双塔连体高层混合结构抗震性能研究

外钢框架-混凝土核心筒结构体系被认为是适合我国国情的高层建筑结构体系之一,我国已有多个采用这种结构体系的单塔楼工程实例,但对双塔连体高层混合结构的研究较少。本文针对上海国际设计中心不等高双塔连体混合结构,进行了7度多遇地震、基本烈度、罕遇地震和8度罕遇地震阶段的模拟地震振动台试验研究,得到了结构的破坏模式,并对模型结构和原型结构的动力反应进行了详细的分析,最后提出了此类结构设计的一些建议。研究表明,高位连体的竖向地震反应比较明显,设计中应适当考虑动力放大效应;在各水准地震作用下结构整体变形均呈现弯曲型;主塔楼核心筒在中震下可以保证"不坏",但结构小震下的层间位移略超过规范限值。     

江苏省矿业权监督管理信息系统开发与应用

针对目前矿业权监督管理的现状,梳理矿业权监督管理流程,建立矿业权监督管理的业务数据库与基础数据库,建立江苏省矿业权监督管理系统,使矿业权监督管理的全过程实现计算机化管理,达到规范管理工作、提高工作效率的目的。     

Holocene record of productivity in the NW Iberian continental shelf

A multiproxy approach (textural characteristics, heavy metal concentrations and benthic foraminifera data) was adopted to study the OMEX core KSGX 40, collected at the Galicia Mud Deposit (NW Iberian outer continental shelf) and recording the last ca. 4.8 ka cal BP. Geochemical profiles of Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Al and Ca show significant temporal variations. Benthic foraminifera productivity proxy suggests that the recorded muddy events were contemporaneous of a higher C_org flux to the marine benthic environment. The higher flux of organic matter, following a long-term intensification of the upwelling and coinciding with a finer sedimentation, led to depressed levels of oxygen beneath the water-sediments interface and to early diagenetic processes of several redox-sensitive elements.     

Interannual and Decadal Variations of Surface Solar Radiation over East China in the First Half of the 20th Century

Variability and long-term trends of sunshine duration(SSD) and total cloud cover(TCC) were studied based on surface observations from 10 meteorological stations over East China in the first half of the 20 th century. The correlation coefficients between SSD and diurnal temperature range(DTR), as well as TCC, were analyzed. SSD experienced a significant increasing trend(0.16 h d-1 per decade) from 1908 to 1936, and the maximum brightening was in autumn(0.33 h d-1 per decade). The good agreement between the variability of SSD and DTR, supported by the correlation coefficient between them of 0.72, implies that the SSD measurements were reliable. TCC showed a decreasing trend(-0.93% per decade) and was significantly inversely related to SSD(-0.74), indicating the variation of SSD was attributable to changes in cloud cover. The result was obviously different to that since the 1960 s, when clouds could not account for the decadal trend of surface solar radiation in China.     

Hydrological and meteorological extremes derived from taxation records: the estates of Brtnice,Třebíč and Velké Meziříčí, 1706–1849

Abstract

This paper addresses the hydrological and meteorological extremes that may be deduced from the taxation records of the estates of Brtnice, T?ebí? and Velké Mezi?í?í, all in the Moravian-Bohemian Highlands of the Czech Republic, for the years 1706–1849. At that time, damage to agricultural crops constituted grounds for tax remission for individual farmers and landowners. Where it survives, the relevant administrative documentation generally includes a statement from the applicant, a report by the official commission tasked with checking the contents of it, and any decisions made by taxation authorities at regional and “land” level (the Jihlava regional office and the Moravian Land Administration (“Gubernium”) respectively). Data extracted may include the type of event, dating, places of occurrence and damage done. The chronology of hydrological and meteorological extremes (torrential rain, flash flood, flood, hailstorm, lightning, frost) covers the period 1706–1849, but only four events are evident before 1748 and there is a gap in records between 1757 and 1789. Extremes are analysed from a spatio-temporal point of view. A total of 97 extreme events (171 extremes of particular type) were identified for the region studied. Torrential rain, hailstorm and flash flood were the major devastating phenomena, and occurred mainly from May to August. Torrential rain and hailstorm are clearly attributable to thunderstorms with very intense convection. Five outstanding events and their impacts upon individual farmers are described in detail. The results are discussed with respect to uncertainties in the basic data and in the context of the Czech Lands, because only some of the extremes disclosed are known and confirmed by other documentary data.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Dolák, L., Brázdil, R., and Valá?ek, H., 2013. Hydrological and meteorological extremes derived from taxation records: the estates of Brtnice, T?ebí? and Velké Mezi?í?í, 1706–1849. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (8), 1620–1634.     

GNSS反演数据与PM2.5质量浓度相关性研究

针对目前雾霾中PM2.5的测定方法存在局限性的问题,提出一种利用全球导航卫星系统(globalnavigationsatellitesystem,GNSS)反演技术探测大气颗粒物PM2.5浓度的新思路。通过观察分析,发现雾霾天气的变化具有季节性,为此选取4个不同时期的数据进行GNSS反演,获得大气对流层中的一些延迟量,进而获得大气可降水量。通过分析大气可降水量与同时期的PM2.5浓度之间的相关性,验证GNSS反演技术探测PM2.5浓度思路的可行性。实验结果表明,GNSS反演数据与PM2.5浓度存在一定的关系,在监测PM2.5浓度方面存在潜在的应用价值,并为完善当前的雾霾预警机制的研究提供参考。     

测绘地理信息类研究生创新实践体系与评价模型

在分析国内外研究生实践教学现状基础上,探讨了测绘地理信息实践软硬件环境,提出了基础实践、技能实践及创新实践等3个平台的多层次、立体式创新实践体系,建立了包括背景评价、输入评价、过程评价、成果评价和能力评价等5个指标的量化可控实践教学阶段评价模型。     

基于GIS的海洋地质数据集成管理与可视化

针对海洋地质调查数据集成管理与三维可视化表达不足等影响“数字海底”建设问题,以多波束、侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面数据为例,采用GIS技术,设计海洋地质空间数据库;结合传统陆地“钻孔-层面模型”三维空间建模方法,基于海底浅地层剖面数据实现了测区地层的快速建模;最后,为了对海底三维地质信息进行综合的分析,实现海底多维地质信息在真三维环境下地形、地貌、地层空间分布特征全面、直观的表达,基于ArcGISEngine10.0进行了客户端/服务端架构的三维海底虚拟仿真系统的开发。