REMOTE SENSING OF THE SEASONAL VARIATION IN COLUMN ABUNDANCE OF ATMOSPHERIC CH4*

Infrared solar spectra on clear days were measured automatically by an infrared solar spectrometer(ISS) with 0.4 cm^-1 resolution developed by us.A line-by line(LBL) computation method was used to calculate theoretical atmospheric absorption.In the wavelength range of 3.410-3.438 μm.the absorption is mainly due to atmospheric methane and water vapor.Columnatmospheric methane was retrieved from the recorded infrared solar spectra.The seasonal variation of column atmospheric methane in Hefei has been obtained from the measuremental data of nearly 18 months since the April of 1997.and found that it is similar to that of background data.The instruments.principles of measurement and some of results were introduced,and the results are also discussed briefly in the paper.     

双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性影响的定量研究

本在震源为双侧线状断层破裂模型的假定下，根据震源理论和波谱随空间坐标的展开式，得到了场地两点地震动Fourier谱的表达式Ab(f)=Aa(f)exp(a1δ0 a2δθ，中提出了将双侧破裂模型分解为两个单侧破裂模型计算双侧破裂模型a1和a2的数值方法，以一次地震（M＝6）为例，分析了双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性的影响，计算了 a1和a2的实部和虚部以及孔径随震中距，方位角和频率变化的三维图像。     

夯扩桩成桩过程引起的挤土效应分析

夯扩桩在成桩过程中会产生挤土效应。通过采用柱形孔扩张理论，推导出砂土中形成扩大头时引起的挤土影响半径和土体位移，并对一工程实例进行了分析。     

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床萤石REE配分模式的影响因素

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床萤石REE配分模式表现出明显变化的特征，本文从稀土离子半径和温度两个方面分析了影响矿区萤石配分模式的原因。结果表明：矿区萤石中LREE的配分模式主要受温度影响，而MREE、HREE主要受离子半径控制。     

VARIABILITY OF AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES OVER HEFEI DURING SEPTEMBER 1993 TO SEPTEMBER 1994

An 8-wavelength sun-photometer has been operated at Hefei (31.31°N, 117.17°E) to monitoroptical properties of atmospheric aerosols. Altogether 133 solar spectral extinction data were ob-tained on clear days during the period from September 1993 through September 1994, In this pa-per, the feature of the sun-photometer is briefly described. A relative aureole method is intro-duced. which can be used to monitor temporal evolution of aerosol loading during the sun-pho-tometer calibration period. Temporal variabilities of spectral aerosol optical depths and Angstromturbidity parameters are presented. Relation of these variabilities with synoptic and local meteoro-logical conditions are analyzed and discussed, From measured spectral aerosol optical depths undersome representative atmospheric conditions, columnar aerosol size distributions have been retrievedby a linearly constrained inversion method. These typical columnar aerosol size distributions are al-so presented and discussed.     

Estimation of Hourly and Daily Global Solar Radiation at Clear Days Using an Approach Based on Modified Version of Gaussian Distribution

The performance of two models,Jam and Baig,based on the modified version of Gaussian distribution function in estimating the daily total of global solar radiation and its distribution through the hours of the day from sunrise to sunset al any clear day is evaluated with our own measured data in the period from June 1992 to May 1993 in Qena Egypt The results show a high relative deviation of calculated values from measured ones,especially for Jain model,in the most hours of the day,except for those near to local noon.This misfit behavior is quite obvious in the early morning and late afternoon A new approach has been proposed in this paper to estimate the daily and hourly global solar radiation This model performs with very high accuracy on the recorded data in our region.The validity of this approach was verified with new measurements in some clear days in June and August 1994.The resultant very low relative deviation of the calculated values of global solar radiation from the measured ones confirms the     

南极陨石研究的启示Ι:早期太阳星云连续化学分馏作用的岩石化学证据

球粒陨石金属相的 Ir、Os、Co等亲铁元素的浓度随氧化程度的升高而显著增大 ,其浓度以及铁纹石 Co含量和橄榄石 Fa值均反映了球粒陨石的氧化 -还原程度具有连续变化的特征。根据铁纹石 Co含量、橄榄石 Fa值、低 Ca辉石 Fs值、金属相的 Ir、Os、Co浓度以及其他球粒陨石分类参数 ,可能存在介于 E与 H、H与 L、L与 L L以及 L L与 C之间的球粒陨石过渡型 ,即E/H、H/L、L/L L和 LL/C化学群 ,从而将原有的 9个球粒陨石化学群增加到 1 3个。球粒陨石氧化 -还原程度的变化特征以及球粒陨石过渡型的发现都表明早期太阳星云的化学分馏作用具有连续变化的特点。     

乌鲁木齐天文站的耀斑预报

鉴于预报太阳耀斑的重要性和难度,我们在文中介绍了怎样用太阳色球望远镜观测太阳色球层的耀斑先兆（ 现象） ,并且根据太阳活动特点和十几年的观察经验及观测资料,综合分析,判断出太阳色球耀斑将要产生的大概时间,大致规模及耀斑在日面上的可能位置。通过第２２ 周峰年资料验证,准确率可达７０ ％ 。     

A hyperspectral experiment over tropical forests based on the EO-1 orbit change and PROSAIL simulation

ABSTRACT

We designed a unique hyperspectral experiment from the Earth Observing One (EO-1) orbit change to evaluate solar illumination effects over tropical forests in Brazil. Ten nadir-viewing Hyperion images collected over a fixed site and period of the year (July to August) were selected for analysis. We evaluated variations in reflectance and in 16 narrowband vegetation indices (VIs) with increasing solar zenith angle (SZA) from the pre-drift (2004–2008) to the EO-1 drift period (2011–2016). To detect changes in reflectance and shadows, we applied spectral mixture analysis (SMA) and principal component analysis (PCA) and calculated the similarity spectral angle (θ) between the vegetation spectra measured with variable SZA. The magnitude of the illumination effects was also evaluated from change-point analysis and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests applied over the time series. Finally, we complemented our experiment using the PROSAIL model to simulate the VIs variation with increasing SZA resultant from satellite drift. The results showed significant changes in Hyperion reflectance and VIs, especially when the EO-1 crossed the study area at earlier times and larger SZA in 2015 (9:05 a.m.; SZA = 59°) and 2016 (8:30 a.m.; SZA = 67°). Compared to the pre-drift period (10:30 a.m.; SZA = 45°), the SZA differences of 14° (2015) and 22° (2016) increased the shade fractions and decreased the vegetation brightness. PCA separated the pre-drift and drift reflectance datasets, showing shifts in scores due to changes in brightness. θ increased with SZA, indicating changes in the shape of the vegetation spectra with drift. For most VIs, the change-point analysis indicated 2015 (SZA = 59°) as the predominant year of detected changes. Compared to the EO-1 original orbit, the Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI), Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (ARI) and Structure Insensitive Pigment Index (SIPI) presented the largest positive changes during drift, while the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) had the largest negative changes. The effect size of the illumination geometry on these VIs was large, as indicated by increasing values of the Cohen’s r metric toward 2016. The anisotropy of the Hyperion VIs was generally consistent with that from PROSAIL in the simulated pre-drift and drift periods. Focusing on structural indices, it affected the relationships between VIs and simulated leaf area index (LAI) at large SZA.