硅限制对三角褐指藻叶绿素a、叶黄素含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究硅限制对三角褐指藻脂肪酸组成的影响,用不含硅的f/2人工海水培养基对处于生长指数末期的三角褐指藻进行了0、6、12、24、48h的硅限制并测定了其叶绿素a、叶黄素含量和脂肪酸组成。结果表明,硅限制对三角褐指藻叶绿素a和叶黄素含量无影响,对脂肪酸组成影响显著。硅限制显著增加了C14∶0、C16∶0、C16∶1、C16∶2、C20∶5(EPA)百分含量,但各脂肪酸响应硅限制的时间不同。C14∶0在硅限制24、48h显著增加,分别是对照组的1.33倍、1.41倍。C16∶0在硅限制6、48h显著增加,分别是对照组的1.12倍、1.19倍;C16∶1在硅限制48h显著增加,是对照组的1.16倍;C16∶2在硅限制24h显著高于对照组,是对照组的1.27倍;EPA在硅限制24h百分含量达到最大值21.86%,分别是0h和对照组的1.11倍、1.18倍。研究结果表明,一定时间的硅限制能显著提高三角褐指藻EPA百分含量,以期为工业化生产EPA提供理论参考。     

Very Large Format Back Illuminated CCDs

The University of Arizona Imaging Technology Laboratory has processed several types of very large format (>4K × 4K pixel) charge coupled devices for low light level scientific applications. These back illuminated devices were produced from frontside die fabricated by or for Fairchild Imaging Systems, Semiconductor Technology Associates, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Kodak. A Philips 7K × 9K frontside device has also been processed using similar techniques. The backside sensors yield >90% quantum efficiency (QE). All devices show excellent charge transfer efficiency (CTE > 0.999997) at operating temperatures (typically –100 °C). Devices specifically designed for low signal applications have been demonstrated with less than 4 electrons read noise. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高精度硅同位素分析方法研究进展

基于碱熔法的改进和多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）的发展,近年来高精度Si同位素组成（δ30Si）分析方法取得了长足进步,分析精度（2SD）自气体质谱仪（GS-MS）时代的±0.15‰~±0.30‰ 提高到优于±0.10‰,足以辨析高温过程中Si同位素发生的微小分馏,并且避免了实验流程中使用含氟等危险化学品。二次离子质谱（SIMS）和飞秒激光剥蚀（fs LA）的发展使得原位Si同位素组成分析精度近期也优化到±0.10‰~±0.22‰。文章对近年来Si同位素分析方法的发展沿革进行综述,探讨建立溶液法MC-ICP-MS的高精度Si同位素分析方法的进展与局限,并比对了国内外各个实验室已发表国际国内Si同位素标准物质测定值,最后总结了硅酸盐地球（BSE）、地壳和陨石等主要地质储库的δ30Si组成范围。     

磺酸基改性梳状有机硅聚醚破乳剂的制备及性能分析

在铂催化剂条件下,利用含氢聚硅氧烷(PHMS)、烯丙基磺酸盐(COPS-1)和烯丙基聚醚(Y-1)的硅氢化反应生成磺酸盐有机硅聚醚破乳剂(COPESO),采用红外光谱、GPC、粒度、界面张力和破乳性能测试等,对破乳剂进行结构表征,分析破乳性能的影响因素.结果表明:当反应温度为90℃、pH=3、COPS-1质量分数为5%时,对破乳剂引入磺酸基活性基可以得到性能优良多支链高相对分子质量的COPESO,其表面活性高,出水快,水色透明且界面齐,对乳液破乳效果高达94.8%.     

Characteristics of silicon and oxygen isotopic compositions of basalts near East Pacific Rise 13°N

In this study, 13 groups of silicon and oxygen isotopes and major elements of the basalts near the East Pacific Rise 13°N are used to study the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes. Among these data, δ30Si values of basalts vary from -0.4%o to 0.2%o with a mean value of δ30Si of （-0.18±0.22）%o. The δ180 values range from 4.1%o to 6.4%o with a mean δ180 value of （＋5.35±0.73） %0. Since the δ30Si values increase in the series of basalt-basaltic andesite- andesite, and δ180 values display a positive correlation with the SiO2 content, we propose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes is influenced by the SiO2 content in igneous rocks. Compared with the igneous rocks from Manus Basin with clinopyroxene as their dominant mineral phase, MORBs in this study containing olivine and plagioclase as primary minerals have lower δ180 and δ30Si values, indicating that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes is also affected by different Si-O bridges in silicate minerals. Furthermore, our samples from the EPR are defined as E-MORB based on K/Ti ratios. Probably, the difference in δ30Si and δ30O between our samples and a normal MORB are cause by the enriched components in E-MORBs.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定工业硅中微量元素

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定工业硅中可能存在的铝、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、磷、钡、铍、镉、铈、钴、铬、铜、锂、锰、钼、镍、铅、钛、钒、钨、锌、砷、锶、铼、锑、硼28个微量元素,并以差减法计算基体硅的含量,实现了对试样基体及杂质元素含量的同时测定。方法对28个微量元素的回收率为94.0%～103.4%,精密度(RSD,n=10)低于3.0%。方法经国家实物标准物质验证,测定值与标准值基本相符。     

植物中硅矿化作用的硅同位素示踪研究

项目首次对田地生长的水稻与竹子和室内栽培水稻中氧化硅的含量、形态、分布及硅同位素组成进行了系统研究。研究发现水稻中的氧化硅含量有由根到茎、叶、稻壳逐渐增高的趋势, 但在米粒中含量急剧降低。竹子中的氧化硅含量也显由杆到枝、叶逐渐增高的趋势。在竹子和水稻的根部, 氧化硅都集中在内皮层;而在其地上部分(竿、枝、叶、壳), 氧化硅主要出现于外皮层。在单株水稻和竹子中都发现不同器官间存在显著的、系统的硅同位素分馏。水稻的? 30Si显示有由根到茎降低, 而后向叶、壳和米逐渐增高的趋势。竹子的? 30Si也显由根到竿降低, 而后向枝、叶增高的趋势。这种硅同位素变化可能是由植株内体液中的溶解硅在竿、枝、叶、壳相继沉淀出氧化硅时, 产生瑞利过程的硅同位素分馏的结果。研究得出竹子和水稻中溶解硅与沉淀硅间的硅同位素分馏系数分别为0.9981和0.9996。研究发现水稻根和竹根从土壤溶液中吸取硅时, 也存在硅同位素动力分馏。竹子与水稻吸收硅与土壤可溶硅之间的硅同位素分馏系数分别为0.9988和0.9989。研究得出：1)水稻与竹子由外界吸收的含硅化合物主要为正硅酸;2)被动吸收是其吸收硅的重要形式;3)蒸发作用是硅在这些植物中迁移和沉淀的主要机制。研究结果为理解植物中硅吸收、搬运和沉淀硅的方式与机制和探讨植物在硅、碳生物地球化学循环方面的作用提供了可靠的证据     

Laser Ablation In Situ Silicon Stable Isotope Analysis of Phytoliths

Silicon is a beneficial element for many plants and is deposited in plant tissue as amorphous bio‐opal called phytoliths. The biochemical processes of silicon uptake and precipitation induce isotope fractionation: the mass‐dependent shift in the relative abundances of the stable isotopes of silicon. At the bulk scale, δ³⁰Si ratios span from ?2 to +6‰. To further constrain these variations in situ, at the scale of individual phytolith fragments, we used femtosecond laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS). A variety of phytoliths from grasses, trees and ferns were prepared from plant tissue or extracted from soil. Good agreement between phytolith δ³⁰Si ratios obtained by bulk solution MC‐ICP‐MS analysis and in situ isotope ratios from fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS validates the method. Bulk solution analyses result in at least twofold better precision for δ³⁰Si (2s on reference materials ≤ 0.11‰) over that found for the means of in situ analyses (2s typically ≤ 0.24‰). We find that bushgrass, common reed and horsetail show large internal variations up to 2‰ in δ³⁰Si, reflecting the various pathways of silicon from soil to deposition. Femtosecond laser ablation provides a means to identify the underlying processes involved in the formation of phytoliths using silicon isotope ratios.     

Experimental study of silicon isotope dynamic fractionation and its application in geology

Silicon shows no variation in its chemical valence in nature and exists mainly in the form of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, so very small silicon isotope thermodynamic fractionation occurs and the resultant silicon isotope variation is limited. Dynamic fractionation of Si isotopes during precipitation of SiO₂ from a solution is a main factor leading to substantial variations in silicon isotopes in nature. In this experimental study, we determined the dynamic fractionation factorα for silicon isotopes during precipitation of SiO₂ from the solution. And in combination of α, a theoretical explanation is presented of the considerably low δ³⁰Si values of black smokers on modern seafloor, Archean banded magnetite-quartzite and clay minerals of weathering origin, and of clearly high δ³⁰Si values of siliceous rocks in shallow-sea carbonate platforms. This paper won the Paper of Excellence in the Second National Young Scientist Symposium on Geochemistry of Minerals and Rocks.     

一种植硅石沉积天然微纳米硅碳矿的发现

全球尚无植硅石成矿的先例,近年在江西省丰城市石炉坑发现一种植硅石沉积的天然微纳米硅碳矿床。赋矿岩石由浅灰色—灰黑色植硅石岩,是由大量植硅体堆积固结成岩形成的植硅石,不含孢粉也极少见硅藻,形成于始新世中期—中新世早期温暧湖泽环境沉积。硅碳矿石主要由微米—纳米级石英和固定碳组成,含少量其他杂质;SiO2含量65%~85%、固定碳9%~20%,硅和碳矿物具多孔结构。硅碳矿石通过超细研磨和分选的方式,可获得微米级石英产率49.7%,SiO2含量99.95%,其中粒度在80~200 nm纳米级石英产率可达25%,微米级碳产率30%。植硅石经湿法物理分选可直接制备橡胶补强填料、高硬碳化硅、污水处理和导电性材料等;经矿石矿物加工分离提纯试验,可得介孔硅、介孔碳、白炭黑、纳微硅粉等材料,其工业价值极高。目前暂定为天然微—纳米硅碳矿床,资源储量规模为大型。