基于同步挤压改进短时傅立叶变换的分频蚂蚁追踪在断裂识别中的应用

在地球物理领域,时频分析方法在资料处理过程中占据着愈发重要的位置;运用分频属性检测断层、裂缝等应用广泛;因此,寻求更高精度的时频分析方法一直是地震信号处理领域所追求的目标。改进短时傅立叶变换方法由于窗函数的限制导致时频分析结果准确度不理想,为了更大限度地提升时频分辨率,对改进短时傅立叶变换后的时频谱进行挤压,发展了同步挤压改进短时傅立叶变换;根据合成信号结果可知,同步挤压改进短时傅立叶变换其时频汇聚程度更加明显,在刻画信号的时频特征上更有优势。理论表明,地震数据高频成分可以对微小的次生裂缝进行精确的雕刻,而蚂蚁追踪技术是检测裂缝、断层信息的有效手段。因此,本文基于高分辨的时频分析方法,并结合蚂蚁追踪技术对三维数据体进行裂缝预测,结果表明:该方法可以更好地勾勒出微小裂缝以及伴生褶皱,识别精度与传统蚂蚁追踪算法相比有了明显的提高,同时也证实了该方法在实际应用中可行且有效。     

实物地质资料二次开发利用在矿山深边部找矿中的作用

随着多年的开采,我国许多矿山成为危机矿山,外围及深部的找矿工作迫在眉睫。在前人研究的基础上,笔者总结了矿山二次利用实物地质资料进行找矿预测的方法,并将其归纳为成果及原始资料的重新分析、成矿预测方法的正确选择、实物地质资料的重新利用、找矿思路的重新确定、成矿规律的重新认识5个方面内容,以期望生产矿山加强实物地质资料二次开发力度,开辟深边部找矿的新局面。     

磁共振探测估算含水层渗透系数的原位试验研究

通过一个完整的磁共振探测（MRS）、钻探、抽水试验过程,开展了MRS估算含水层渗透系数的原位试验研究。在分析MRS估算渗透系数准确性的基础上,系统剖析了引起准确性差异的主要因素,并对进一步提高估算效果提出了建议。结果显示：（1）采用现阶段常用的参数设置,与抽水试验计算值相比,MRS估算渗透系数的差值为抽水试验计算值的17.59%。（2）MRS推断的含水层顶板、底板埋深与钻孔揭示的信息相比,差值分别为4.11m、1.03m,表明其对估算渗透系数准确性的影响较小。（3）CP值是影响估算准确性的重要因素,其值为10-9数量级符合大多数地层的特点。另外,通过在已知渗透系数的钻孔附近进行MRS,从而获取CP参考值,应用该值估算的渗透系数准确性高于常用的参数设置。（4）指数a、b设置方面,应用Seevers公式（a=1、b=2）的估算效果优于Kenyon公式（a=4、b=2）。本成果有助于提高MRS估算渗透系数方法在野外条件下的适用性。     

“You know you can do this,right?”: developing geospatial technological pedagogical content knowledge and enhancing teachers’ cartographic practices with socio-environmental science investigations

Many barriers exist to K–12 classroom teachers’ adoption and implementation of geospatial technologies with their students. To address this circumstance, we have developed and implemented a geospatial curriculum approach to promote teachers’ professional growth with curriculum-linked professional development (PD) to support the adoption of socio-environmental science investigations (SESI) in an urban school environment that includes reluctant learners. SESI focus on social issues related to environmental science. The pedagogy is inquiry-driven, with students engaged in map-based mobile data collection and subsequent analysis with Web-based dynamic mapping software to answer open-ended questions. Working with four science and social studies teachers, we designed and implemented a sequence of three locally oriented, geospatial inquiry projects that were implemented with 140 9th grade students. We investigated how the geospatial curriculum approach impacted the teachers’ geospatial pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), their cartographic practices, and promoted geospatial thinking and analysis skills with their students. Findings revealed strong growth in teachers’ geospatial PCK, increased map use by teachers, use of maps as media for inquiry and not didactic instruction, and modeling to guide students’ geospatial analysis using GIS. Implications for PD to promote teachers’ geospatial PCK and in-class cartographic practices are discussed.     

面向1∶1000000地形数据库的缩编方法研究与程序开发

目前国家启动了1∶1000000基础地理信息数据库动态更新项目,其中1∶1000000地形数据库主要是利用最新版的1∶250000地形数据进行缩编更新生产。本文主要依据1∶1000000地形数据库缩编更新相关的项目要求和技术指标,研究和制定对应的地形数据缩编方法。并在人机交互作业的前提下,利用ArcGIS桌面软件和ArcObjects组件,开发一系列缩编工具,将地图综合过程分解,合理地进行人机分工,交互式地完成地图缩编工作。     

云平台下MapGIS图件在ArcGIS中还原显示技术研究

MapGIS和ArcGIS两个GIS平台拥有不一样的符号库及渲染表达方式,这就造成在MapGIS平台下产生的图件数据要想在ArcGIS平台中还原显示较为困难。通过分析两种GIS平台下图件数据的文件格式及图面渲染方式,在Map2Shp文件转换软件和GIS二次开发技术的支持下,总结了一套半自动化完成还原显示的技术流程,在实际工作中有效地解决了文件转换过程中图面渲染内容丢失、工作量大等问题。同时在云平台虚拟环境中完成该技术流程,为同一GIS平台不同版本不兼容的问题提供了解决方案,并且缩短了图面渲染的时间,从而提高了工作效率。     

Processes and mechanisms of multi-collapse of loess roads in seasonally frozen ground regions: A review

Usually, the collapsible loess widely distributed across the world can serve as a type of foundation soil that meets its strength requirement after dense compaction and elimination of collapsibility. However, many problems such as cracks and differential settlement still occur in loess roads in the seasonally frozen ground regions after several years of operation. Many studies have demonstrated that these secondary or multiple collapses primarily result from the repeatedfreezing-thawing, wetting-drying, and salinization-desalinization cycles. Therefore, we conducted a research program to (1) monitor the in-situ ground temperatures and water content in certain loess roads to understand their changes, (2) study the effects of freezing-thawing, wetting-drying, and salinization-desalinization cycles on geotechnical properties and micro-fabrics of compacted loess in the laboratory, and (3) develop mitigative measures and examine their engineered effectiveness, i.e., their thermal insulating and water-proofing effects in field and laboratory tests. Our results and advances are reviewed and some further research needs are proposed. These findings more clearly explain the processes and mechanisms of secondary and multiple collapse of loess roads. We also offer references for furtherstudy of the weakening mechanisms of similar structural soils.     

应用SHRIMP铀-铅定年法研究腾冲地区中更新世英安岩的形成时代

腾冲火山岩群是我国著名的年轻火山岩群,前人主要采用K-Ar法、不平衡铀系等同位素定年方法研究该区火山岩的年龄并划分其喷发期次,采用K-Ar法获得腾冲火山岩0.013~17.84 Ma的年龄以及0.13~2.9 Ma的等时线年龄,不平衡铀系法主要用于该地区0.23 Ma以来的样品年龄研究。传统的同位素定年体系的精确度和定年范围对于研究该区火山岩的年龄存有很大局限性。近年来,微区原位离子探针U-Pb定年在年轻地质体年代学研究中表现出巨大潜力,在国际上已经应用于中更新世晚期地质体的年龄测定。本文报道了应用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年方法对腾冲曲石地区中更新世英安岩的3次测定结果,3次实验的年龄值在误差范围内一致。在对一次离子流选择及其强度、二次离子积分时间等实验条件探讨的基础上,综合分析3次实验中的二次离子计数表明第3次实验结果具有更高的精确度,年龄值为0.41±0.01 Ma,属中更新世,代表该英安岩的形成时代,该年龄结果是目前我国获得的最年轻的高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄。本研究获得的中更新世锆石U-Pb年龄为年轻地质体的年代学研究提供了新的思路。     

县级矿产资源综合监管平台的实现

通过空间数据库管理软件+ARCGIS开发组件+VS.NET2008开发工具结合,进行GIS二次开发,集成整合相关矿业管理数据,建立集信息采集与动态监测、地图定位查询与分析、信息比对核查、信息综合分析功能于一体的县级矿产资源综合监管平台,实现县域内矿产资源管理和监管、地质灾害防治的信息化、可视化、智能化,实现国土资源管理行为、开发利用和市场监管的常态化、制度化,以及国土资源管理绩效的科学评估,提高对突发性地质灾害的应急处置能力。     

CAD 环境下基于 AutoLISP 语言的程序开发

论述了在AutoLISP语言基础上进行坐标提取和展点程序流程设计,并用AutoLISP语言实现这些功能,操作简单易行。同时,对所编程序进行分析介绍,并提出其主要功能及优点。