脆性断层运动学研究新进展

本文概述了80年代以来脆性断层运动研究方面的某些成果。介绍了脆性断层带中的一些小构造和显微构造的几何特征以及它们的运动学意义。重点论述了从露头尺度到薄片尺度确定脆性断层运动方向的三种构造判据,既从属裂隙、岩桥构造和方解石e双晶判据。     

云南楚雄台水管倾斜仪潮汐因子变化与澜沧—耿马地震

本文对楚雄台水管倾斜仪1986年～1988年观测的数据,用莱柯拉兹方法初步进行了潮汐波分析。并对可能与澜沧—耿马地震有联系的异常情况进行了论述。     

褐帘石及其次生物的研究

褐帘石发生蚀变后,其次生物的化学成分变化很大,除SiO_2外,A1、Ce~(4+)增高一倍以上,而Fe、Ti、Mg、Ca及多种稀土成分几乎全部消失。另外,其次生物在物相上也发生了转化,生成高岭石、埃洛石、方饰石和铁质等集合体。在湿热多雨、植被茂密地段,岩体中褐帘石的大量存在并发生次生成矿作用,是形成湖南姑婆山风化壳型稀土矿床的有利地带。     

Study of inorganic ligand-chromium(III)-surface ternary complexes by ESR spectroscopy

Cr(III) sorbed at the solid/water interface of latex and hectorite was studied by ESR spectroscopy in the presence of different inorganic ligands. The ESR spectra of the surface obtained in the presence of selenite, phosphate and fluoride can be explained in terms of ternary surface complex formation. This is contrasted by the behaviour of sulfate and selenate ions which were found to have no effect on the ligand field of Cr(III), either in the adsorbed state or in solution.     

Stability of the triangular libration points of the circular restricted problem in the presence of resonances

The stability of triangular libration points, when the bigger primary is a source of radiation and the smaller primary is an oblate spheroid. has been investigated in the resonance cases ₁ = 2₂ and ₁ = 3₂. The motion is unstable for all the values of parameters q and A when ₁ = 2₂ and the motion is unstable and stable depending upon the values of the parameters q and A when ₁ = 3₂. Here q is the radiation parameter and A is the oblateness parameter.     

The Effect of the Great Inequality on the Hecuba Gap

The effects of the "great inequality" (the quasi-resonance between Jupiter and Saturn) on the motion in the 2/1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter (the Hecuba gap) is investigated. We confirm the proposition made by Ferraz-Mello and collaborators that the great inequality generates secondary resonances which are likely to produce the slow diffusion observed in numerical investigations. We identify, in the restricted three body problem, the frequencies responsible for these secondary resonances. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Can light intensity cause shifts in natural product and bacterial profiles of the sponge Aplysina aerophoba?

The potential role of microbial consortia on sponge chemistry is well known. However, how environmental factors affect microbial and chemical profiles and how these shifts affect the sponge holobiont are far from being understood. This study experimentally investigated the effect of light on both the concentration of secondary metabolites and the bacterial assemblages of the sponge Aplysina aerophoba. We quantified major brominated alkaloids (BAs) using a high‐performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a UV‐detector and analysed sponge‐associated bacteria using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. We identified distinct chemical and bacterial profiles between the ectosome and the choanosome of A. aerophoba. The abundance of most secondary metabolites increased regardless of the illumination regime. We found that the probability of occurrence of three microbial phylotypes (operational taxonomic units 84, 86 and 87) was strongly associated with increasing concentrations of three brominated compounds (aerophobin‐1, aplysinamisin‐1 and isofistularin‐3). Although the role of these bacteria remains uninvestigated, these associations between natural products and specific microbial phylotypes outline further hypotheses that will improve our understanding of the organization and functioning of these complex host–symbiont interactions.     

深吃水半潜式平台参数共振研究

深吃水半潜式平台(deep draft semi-submersible,DDS)作为一种新型海洋结构物,既继承了传统半潜式平台的优点,又改善了传统半潜式平台垂荡运动性能差的不足。但随着吃水的增加,DDS纵摇运动参数共振也成为一个不容忽视的问题。当DDS纵摇运动固有周期和垂荡运动周期满足一定关系时,纵摇运动将发生参数共振,纵摇角度将会显著增大。研究推导了DDS纵摇运动方程,并简化为标准的马修方程,运用希尔无穷行列式法求解马修方程,得到了含阻尼的马修稳定性图谱,并结合具体算例讨论了不同参数对DDS纵摇运动参数共振问题的影响。研究表明:深吃水半潜式平台的参数共振,是设计人员在设计之初必须考虑的问题;通过合理选取平台的系统参数,可以有效避免纵摇运动参数共振现象的发生。     

北黄海獐子岛附近海域大型底栖动物数量分布和季节变化

根据2009年8月至2010年6月4个季度月(夏、秋、冬、春季),对位于北黄海獐子岛附近海域所设的13个站进行的大型底栖动物生态调查所获得的资料,对该海域大型底栖动物的种数、密度和生物量的组成及季节变化进行分析研究,采用Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)、物种丰富度指数(D)和物种均匀度指数(J)分析该该海域大型底栖动物的物种多样性;并研究了该海域的次级生产力和P/B值的空间分布和季节变化。结果表明,北黄海獐子岛附近海域大型底栖动物全年总种数、年平均栖息密度和年平均生物量分别为211种、699.415个/m2和98.927 g/m2。各季度的种数(S)、平均密度D (个/m2)和平均生物量B (g/m2)的季节变化分别为: S春季(121)＞S秋季(118)＞S冬季(89)＞S夏季(87),D春季(794.58)＞D秋季(766.92)＞D夏季(674.62)＞D冬季(561.54),B春季(180.271)＞B夏季(107.121)＞B秋季(70.824)＞B冬季(37.493)。全年物种多样性指数H’值、物种丰富度指数D值和物种均匀度指数J值分别为2.976、4.135和0.707,该海域大型底栖动物的夏季、秋季和春节平均密度季节变化不明显,但冬季明显较少。而平均生物量和种数的季节变化比较明显,春季较高,冬季较低。该海域的平均次级生产力为15.335g(AFDW)/(m2.a),相对较高。P/B值的平均值为1.239。     

Object-oriented and pixel-based classification approaches to classify tropical successional stages using airborne high–spatial resolution images

Airborne high–spatial resolution images were evaluated for mapping purposes in a complex Atlantic rainforest environment in southern Brazil. Two study sites, covered predominantly by secondary evergreen rainforest, were surveyed by airborne multispectral high-resolution imagery. These aerophotogrammetric images were acquired at four spectral bands (visible to near-infrared) with spatial resolution of 0.39 m. We evaluated different data input scenarios to suit the object-oriented classification approach. In addition to the four spectral bands, auxiliary products such as band ratios and digital elevation models were considered. Comparisons with traditional pixel-based classifiers were also performed. The results showed that the object-based classification approach yielded a better overall accuracy, ranging from 89% to 91%, than the pixel-based classifications, which ranged from 62% to 63%. The individual classification accuracy of forest-related classes, such as young successional forest stages, benefits the object-based approach. These classes have been reported in the literature as the most difficult to map in tropical environments. The results confirm the potential of object-based classification for mapping procedures and discrimination of successional forest stages and other related land use and land cover classes in complex Atlantic rainforest environments. The methodology is suggested for further SAAPI acquisitions in order to monitor such endangered environment as well as to support National Land and Environmental Management Protocols.