DEM空间分辨率对毒气扩散模型模拟结果的影响分析

突发性毒气泄漏事故的频繁发生对市民的安全造成了极大威胁,有必要对常见毒气泄漏事故发生后的成灾模型进行探讨,以便从理论上指导应急部门实施应急救援行动。本文在研究和分析典型毒气泄漏扩散模型的基础之上,引入地形因子对原有毒气泄漏扩散模型进行改进,使之适应三维地形下的危化品气体扩散模拟,并将模型与GIS集成可视化,分析比较了模型修正前后气体扩散浓度的分布情况。在此基础上,进一步分析了DEM空间分辨率对毒气扩散浓度的分布影响,发现DEM空间分辨率对毒气浓度分布区域有一定影响,并分析了其影响原因。结果表明,加入地形因子的高斯烟羽模型比之前没有考虑地形因子的高斯模型计算要更加精确,更贴近现实状况;同时,DEM分辨率对改进后的高斯烟羽模型的模拟影响较大,选择适当分辨率的DEM能帮助应急部门在短时间内模拟出真实可靠的浓度分布区域,对毒气泄漏事故的应急有一定的实际参考价值和指导意义。     

Optimization of slope angle and its seismic stability: A case study for the proposed open pit coalmine in Phulbari, NW Bangladesh

The present study reflects upon the results of substantial program of two-dimensional Finite Element Method （FEM） numerical analyses of the open pit that links to slope angle optimization associated with the safety factor of the pit slope of a coal mine in Bangladesh. In the present analyses, two types of models have been presented. The first model estimates safety factor without seismic effect on the overall pit slope of the model; the second model incorporates safety factor with seismic stability of the model. The calculated optimum slope angle of the first model is 31% with a rational safety factor of 1.51, prior to the seismic effect. However, the value is reduced to 0.93, 0.82, and 0.72, after we applies the seismic effect in the second model with M6, M6.5, and M7, respectively. Finally, our modeling results emphasize that for the case of the proposed Phulbari coalmine, there is extremely high prospect for causing massive slope failure along the optimum pit slope angle with 31% if the mine area felt seismic shaking, like the Sikkim （in northern India） earthquake with M6.9 on September 18, 2011.     

北部湾墨西哥湾扇贝形态性状与闭壳肌质量的关系

为寻找墨西哥湾扇贝中对其闭壳肌重量影响最显著的形态学特征,在整个扇贝的生长过程中,每一个月测一次壳高(mm)、壳宽(mm)、铰合线长(mm)、体质量(g)和闭壳肌质量(g),每一轮的样本采集量为60,通过通径分析研究这些形态学特征对闭壳肌质量的影响。结果显示,根据各形态学特征对闭壳肌质量的直接的、间接的、总路径的贡献,发现体质量的影响是最显著的(p<0.01),其他的形态学特征如壳高、壳宽和铰合线长对于闭壳肌生长既不限制也不促进。     

太原基准地震台地电阻率干扰形态特征分析

分析太原基准地震台2001年至2011年地电阻率观测中常见干扰因素,着重分析因不同干扰引起的图像变化特征,并就存在的问题提出合理化改进建议,力求对观测场地的选择、线路架设、资料分析、异常的判断及地震预测预报具有一定指导意义。     

形变仪器影响观测质量因素

通过对泰安地震台形变仪器观测资料质量的统计分析,发现影响观测质量的主要因素包括：观测环境的改善、优化可以提高观测精度;仪器管理和数据处理水平可以影响数据精度;降雨、吸潮等可以对曲线趋势变化造成影响;环境恶化,如外界抽水等干扰,会使曲线日变固体潮失真,从而掩盖真实的地壳信息。     

青海地区钻孔应变干扰及异常分析

简要叙述了青海地区6个钻孔应变台站的观测概况,通过分析,认为主要存在观测技术系统和观测环境变化这两类干扰。在排除各类干扰后,发现只有乐都台和湟源台在汶川地震前出现了前兆异常。     

Effect of structural characteristics distribution on strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF systems considering soil-structure interaction

It is known that structural stiffness and strength distributions have an important role in the seismic response of buildings.The effect of using different code-specified lateral load patterns on the seismic performance of fixed-base buildings has been investigated by researchers during the past two decades.However,no investigation has yet been carried out for the case of soil-structure systems.In the present study,through intensive parametric analyses of 21,600 linear and nonlinear MDOF systems and considering five different shear strength and stiffness distribution patterns,including three code-specified patterns as well as uniform and concentric patterns subjected to a group of earthquakes recorded on alluvium and soft soils,the effect of structural characteristics distribution on the strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF fixed-base and soil-structure systems are parametrically investigated.The results of this study show that depending on the level of inelasticity,soil flexibility and number of degrees-of-freedoms(DOFs),structural characteristics distribution can significantly affect the strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF systems.It is also found that at high levels of inelasticity,the ductility reduction factor of low-rise MDOF soil-structure systems could be significantly less than that of fixed-base structures and the reduction is less pronounced as the number of stories increases.     

Dispersion attenuation structure of the crust around the Weifang-Jiashan segment of the Tanlu fault zone in North China

On the condition that the velocity ratio of compressive wave to shear wave is stable during the propagating process of seismic wave, this paper develops an estimation method for medium quality factor based on single station's travel time difference between direct S and P waves and the first period signal of direct P wave. 8 774 high SNR wave data altogether recorded by 75 stations are analyzed. The results show that: (1) under the normal regional stress field, the quality factors Q_mSP in the stable tectonic area are higher than that in the active tectonic area around the Weifang-Jiashan section and its surrounding area in the Tanlu fault zone; (2) in the Juxian-Tancheng section the seismic wave attenuation is relatively quick, and the media is relatively broken, suggesting no tectonic stress accumulation; (3) the Xinyi-Sihong section is currently locking and in accumulating elastic strain energy stage, which has the deep environment and conditions of strong earthquake generation similar to those of the 1668 M8.5 Tancheng strong earthquake.     

抚松井水温动态特征分析

统计分析了抚松井2007年6月1日至2010年12月30日水温数字化观测资料,结果显示抚松井水温动态类型表现为:长期动态特征为上升漂移型;短期动态特征为短周期型,并结合环境和水文地质情况对水温动态的影响因素进行了初步的分析。     

青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸植物种群物候学定量研究

采用青藏高原腹地北麓河多年冻土区高寒草甸14种代表性植物种群2009年和2010年两个生长季的物候观测资料, 进行植物种群物候学特征的定量分析, 划分物候类型并指出影响不同物候期的环境因子主次. 结果表明: 营养期和结实期的物候指数都较大, 分别为32.70和24.39, 其他物候期则相对较小; 整个生长期持续天数较短, 为155 d左右. 14种植物可划分为3种类型和6大类群. 在营养期和整个生长期, 与物候变化最为密切的环境因子为降水量, 其次为日照时数, 温度居第三; 而影响其他物候期的因子均以日照时数为主, 降水量和温度依次居后.