区域Gamma混合模型的SAR图像分割

针对传统Gamma混合模型用于SAR图像分割时忽略像素间空间相关性,导致分割结果不连续并产生大量误分割的现象,提出了区域Gamma混合模型的SAR图像分割算法。首先对图像进行分水岭分割,得到过分割区域块,然后将其作为输入样本进行基于Gamma混合模型的聚类,在模型的参数估计过程中进一步考虑区域间的空间相关性,设计邻域因子融入到迭代过程,得到邻域加权类分布概率。该算法充分利用像素间的空间相关性,能够降低噪声对分割结果的影响。通过合成图像和真实SAR图像的实验表明,本文算法能够实现SAR图像的准确分割。     

An Algorithm for Localised Contour Removal over Steep Terrain

Abstract

Isolines have proved to be a highly effective way of conveying the shape of a surface (most commonly in the form of height contours to convey geographical landscape). Selecting the right contour interval is a compromise between showing sufficient detail in flat regions, whilst avoiding excessive crowding of lines in steep and morphologically complex areas. The traditional way of avoiding coalescence and confusion across steep regions has been to manually remove short sections of intermediate contours, while retaining index contours. Incorporating humans in automated environments is not viable. This research reports on the design, implementation and evaluation of an automated solution to this problem involving the automatic identification of coalescing lines, and removal of line segments to ensure clarity in the interpretation of contour information. Evaluation was made by subjective comparison with Ordnance Survey products. The results were found to be very close to the quality associated with manual techniques.     

观测卫星不足时的GPS/INS紧组合抗差自适应滤波

常规GPS/INS紧组合抗差自适应滤波只适用于卫星数≥4的情况,且预测残差构造自适应因子要求观测值可靠。针对该局限性,对常规抗差自适应滤波算法做出两点改进:1)采用两步滤波,用第1步常规EKF滤波残差构造第二步抗差算法的粗差判别量;2)在第2步滤波用预测残差构造自适应因子时,剔除异常观测值对应的预测残差和预测残差协方差,以削弱观测异常对自适应因子的不良影响。实验结果表明,常规抗差算法在卫星数4时不适用。常规自适应滤波算法在观测值存在异常的情况下无法正确修正模型异常。改进后的抗差自适应滤波算法在组合系统观测卫星数4且观测值存在异常的情况下,仍能正确修正观测粗差和动力学模型异常,能够达到良好的导航精度。     

The ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) and its application to determining the ionospheric delay for GPS

A new method for modeling the ionospheric delay using global positioning system (GPS) data is proposed, called the ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM). It is based on establishing a concept referred to as the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and the IEF’s influence factor (IFF) . The IEF can be used to make a relatively precise distinction between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, whereas the IFF is advantageous for describing the IEF’s variations with day, month, season and year, associated with seasonal variations of total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. By combining λ and with the local time t of IPP, the IEFM has the ability to precisely distinguish between ionospheric daytime and nighttime, as well as efficiently combine them during different seasons or months over a year at the IPP. The IEFM-based ionospheric delay estimates are validated by combining an absolute positioning mode with several ionospheric delay correction models or algorithms, using GPS data at an international Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service (IGS) station (WTZR). Our results indicate that the IEFM may further improve ionospheric delay modeling using GPS data.     

Comparison of Two Fading Filters anc Adaptively Robust Filter

Two kinds of fading filters and their principles are introduced. An adaptive robust filter is given with corresponding principle. The basic abilities of the fading filters and adaptively robust filter in controlling the influences of the kinematic model errors are analyzed. A practical example is given. The results of the fading filter and adaptively robust filter are compared and analyzed.     

遥感技术在三峡库区千将坪滑坡研究中的应用

 2003年7月13日，三峡库区湖北省秭归县沙镇溪镇千将坪村发生特大型滑坡灾害后，利用先进的数字遥感技术，结合滑坡前 后的高分辨率的遥感数据、地形图资料和野外所测的GPS控制点，制作出研究区滑坡前后的数字高程模型(DEM)，同时采用合理的图 像处理技术，获得了滑坡前后正射影像图。利用三维可视化技术，采用人机交互解译滑坡，详细的对比解译滑坡前后的影像，分别 对滑体的滑动方向、距离和堆积体面积进行了定量计算，结合勘查资料估算出其体积约为1 500万方，综合地质学、灾害学原理和 地理空间信息技术等科学分析了千将坪滑坡的形成条件，认为千将坪在“7.13”滑坡之前为一特大型顺层古滑坡，而“7.13”滑坡 是古滑坡的大规模复活，三峡库区蓄水和降雨综合作用是促使滑坡复活的主要诱发因素。     

基于GIS的供电台区经营综合评价

探讨了运用GIS技术对供电台区经营综合评价的实现方法,选取了业务属性和空间属性两个方面评价因子,介绍了从系统软硬件、评价实现过程及显示结果等方面评价过程的具体技术实现。     

Delphi、MapInfo集成开发环境下 CallBack的实现

在客户程序中集成MapInfo后,客户程序可以向MapInfo发送各种指令,执行各种操作。但作为服务器的MapInfo一般不会主动向客户程序发送信息,是较为被动的角色。这里介绍了如何让客户应用程序接收MapInfo发送的消息,并进行相应处理的有效方法。     

两种渐消滤波与自适应抗差滤波的综合比较分析

给出了两种渐消滤波解及其相应的原则，介绍了自适应抗差滤波原理和相应的解，分别从原理和解的表达式上分析了两种渐消滤波和自适应抗差滤波解算的基本性能。利用一个实际算例比较了渐消滤波与自适应抗差滤波解在控制状态异常影响方面的能力。     

一类小波基函数的构造及其在测量数据处理中的应用探讨

Shannon函数有很好的滤波性能,但向两端衰减速度缓慢;Gauss“窗”函数有很好的控制小波衰减的特性,但其低通滤波效果较差。根据这两个函数各自的优点构造了一类新的小波基函数,分别为满足低通的父小波和带通的一阶、二阶母小波,讨论了它们的正交性、完备性和紧支集性等性质,以GPS资料为例,分析其信号平滑和压缩效应、边缘效应和奇异点检测,得出一些有益的结论,为大地测量数据处理提供一种小波分析方法。