Earth rotation parameter estimation by GPS observations

The methods of Earth rotation parameter （ERP） estimation based on IGS SINEX file of GPS so- lution are discussed in detail. There are two different ways to estimate ERP： one is the parameter transformation method, and the other is direct adjustment method with restrictive conditions. By comparing the estimated results with independent copyright program to IERS results, the residual systemic error can be found in estimated ERP with GPS observations.     

利用边界特征自动识别台风云系

基于台风无论是在生成期、成熟期,还是在消亡期,都具有螺旋性的特征,非台风云系无此特征,充分挖掘云系边界特点,统计出单幅云图中各云系边界的旋转程度。运用Bezier直方图曲率曲线两次确定分割阈值,迭代分割卫星云图,结合台风的旋转与面积、形状等几何特性,识别卫星云图中的台风云系。实验表明该方法对台风云系有很好的识别率。     

坐标系转换参数初值快速计算的新方法

在已知不共线3点在两坐标系下坐标的条件下,提出一种快速计算两坐标系间转换参数概略值的方法。通过已知的3点构造出一个新的坐标系,根据该坐标系可计算出待求的两坐标系分别与它的旋转参数,从而求得待求两坐标系间的旋转参数。再根据旋转参数计算出平移参数的概略值。通过实验验证方法的正确性。     

基于我国全球连续监测与评估系统的ERP测定的精度分析

利用GPS观测资料解算地球自转参数,用全球均匀分布的22个IGS跟踪站（IGS05）的连续观测资料估计地球自转参数（ERP）,并与IERSC04（UTC0时）的结果相比较,二者相差很小,均在IERS的ERP估计精度范围之内。基于即将建成的COMPASS全球连续监测与评估系统跟踪站,选择其网的8个IGS跟踪站的资料进行了解算并进行了分析和比对。     

高轨无缝面阵扫描判断方法：栅格法和几何相交法

极轨海洋卫星的时间分辨率低,不能及时感知快速变化的海洋现象及海洋突发事件,因此,发展静止轨道海洋成像辐射计势在必行。静止轨道卫星可以长时间观测指定海域,但是视场小,需要通过二维指向镜等方式扩大卫星的观测区域。本文意在通过提出漏扫判断方法,给出合理的扫描方式,保证高轨面阵扫描无地理信息遗漏。首先,本文在分析二维指向镜成像原理的基础上,给出了指向镜子图像成像特性以及不同方向、大小的电机转角所引入的像面旋转。其次,画出了子图像的边界包络图,直观地给出了扫描角度变化与图像覆盖程度的关系。最后,提出了两种无缝拼接的判断方法:栅格法和几何相交法,栅格法能够判断出图像覆盖次数,几何法速度快、准确度高。实验结果表明应用本文的两种方法得到了不同扫描角度间隔下地球边缘有无漏扫的情况,找到基于本文光学系统、可覆盖全球且无缝拼接图像的最大俯仰、方位转角间隔,为电机转角步距的设置提供理论依据,保证不漏扫的同时提高载荷的时间分辨率。     

人工心肺机流量计的研制

本文介绍了如何应用单片微型计算机和光电传感器组成人工心肺机(或称体外循环机)流量计。该仪器对人工心肺机的泵的各种转速能够准确地采集,对不同的患者能够精确地计算出所需血液流量,从而定量地控制输送给病人的血液流量,以保证心脏手术顺利进行,改变了临床手术时手工计算的落后情况。流量计是一台新型的智能化仪表。     

大型天线几何旋转中心的测定方法

重点介绍了高精度确定大型天线几何旋转中心的观测方案和计算方法。结合具体实例,在ITRF2000框架下,论述了控制网布设、观测方案确定、数学模型的建立、数据处理的过程,结果与已知外部参考结果进行了比较,坐标分量上达到毫米级外附精度,验证了观测、计算方案的可行性和准确性。     

南京奥体中心主轴线的测设

结合南京奥体中心主轴线的测设实践介绍了一种不同于常规的归化法轴线测设方法,结合测量误差理论对该方法进行了精度分析,给出了相应的精度估算式,通过工程实例的具体数据说明该方法具有较高的归化精度。     

Multi-reference evaluation of uncertainty in earth orientation parameter measurements

Uncertainties in polar motion and length-of-day measurements are evaluated empirically using several data series from the space-geodetic techniques of the global positioning system (GPS), satellite laser ranging (SLR), and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) during 1997–2002. In the evaluation procedure employed here, known as the three-corner hat (TCH) technique, the signal common to each series is eliminated by forming pair-wise differences between the series, thus requiring no assumed values for the “truth” signal. From the variances of the differenced series, the uncertainty of each series can be recovered when reasonable assumptions are made about the correlations between the series. In order to form the pair-wise differences, the series data must be given at the same epoch. All measurement data sets studied here were sampled at noon (UTC); except for the VLBI series, whose data are interpolated to noon and whose UT1 values are also numerically differentiated to obtain LOD. The numerical error introduced to the VLBI values by the interpolation and differentiation is shown to be comparable in magnitude to the values determined by the TCH method for the uncertainties of the VLBI series. The TCH estimates for the VLBI series are corrupted by such numerical errors mostly as a result of the relatively large data intervals. Of the remaining data sets studied here, it is found that the IGS Final combined series has the smallest polar motion and length-of-day uncertainties.     

Interannual variability of low-degree gravitational change, 1980–2002

Time variations in the Earths gravity field at periods longer than 1 year, for degree-two spherical harmonics, C₂₁, S₂₁, and C₂₀, are estimated from accurately measured Earth rotational variations. These are compared with predictions of atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic models, and with independent satellite laser ranging (SLR) results. There is remarkably good agreement between Earth rotation and model predictions of C₂₁ and S₂₁ over a 22-year period. After decadal signals are removed, Earth-rotation-derived interannual C₂₀ variations are dominated by a strong oscillation of period about 5.6 years, probably due to uncertainties in wind and ocean current estimates. The model-predicted C₂₀ agrees reasonably well with SLR observations during the 22-year period, with the exception of the recent anomaly since 1997/1998.