风廓线雷达对折射率结构常数的实测分析

大气折射率结构常数（Cn2）是大气中折射率大小的体现,为了改善风廓线雷达（WPR）数据质量,提高WPR数据业务应用的可靠性,对边界层风廓线雷达近1年的实测数据采用归纳对比的方法,分析得到Cn2与温度湿度变化的关系,并总结出成都地区晴朗天气下,四季Cn2量级的变化范围,与理论推导一致.夏天10-12到10-20,春秋10-13到10-20,冬天10-14到10-21,此外,根据降水量大小不同,Cn2提升3到6个量级,获得这些定量的范围,为相关风廓线雷达产品识别提供了方法和依据.     

河套干旱地区夏季边界层结构特征观测分析

利用2013年夏季7月爱尔达K/LLX802J型机动式边界层风廓线雷达获取的三维风场资料和银川站高空气象探测资料,对河套干旱地区夏季边界层日变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:爱尔达K/LLX802J型机动式风廓线雷达能较好的反映并分辨出夏季河套干旱地区边界层内大气湍流和风场的演变过程.夏季7月河套干旱地区边界层高度白天平均为2127.2 m,夜间平均为1760.7 m,白天边界层高度比夜间平均高366.5 m.河套干旱区夏季地表非绝热加热对边界层的影响主要集中在800 m以下,800~2000 m高度边界层则主要受昼夜交替和大尺度天气系统的影响.夏季7月河套干旱地区边界层风速在300 m以下随高度增加而增大,离地500 m以下边界层易在北京时间07:00-11:00和18:00-21:00时段发生风速切变;300 m以下边界层白天盛行西南偏南风、夜间盛行南风,300~2000 m高度边界层白天和夜间均盛行东南风;离地300 m以下边界层易在夜间21:00-23:00时出现风向切变.夏季7月白天河套干旱地区边界层大气垂直速度在300 m高度以下随高度增加而增大,由0.3 m·s^-1增大到0.6 m·s^-1,夜间边界层大气垂直速度在200 m高度以下随高度增大而增大;300 m高度以上边界层大气垂直速度无论昼夜随高度变化均较小.     

行星际闪烁(IPS)单站观测对太阳风速度的诊断

借助于弱散射理论和模式拟合方法，单站行星际闪烁观测可以诊断太阳风速度，本文讨论了太阳风参数和射电源角尺度对闪烁谱的影响，以及太阳风速度的积分效应，结果表明，闪烁谱的特征是与视线上距太阳最近处的太阳风速度直接相关的。     

PC-2000型测氡仪

PC-2000型测氡仪是由PC机支持的用于室内射气分析的高科技新产品。本介绍了PC-2000型测氡仪的结构、工作原理、工作条件、技术性能、测量程序与操作实例——仪器标定。     

VLBI中性大气折射延迟的研究进展——映射函数的改正模型

大气传播延迟是空间大地测量技术的主要误差源之一。在射电波段中性大气延迟的影响可从几米到几十米变化 ,即使通过目前某些模型的修正 ,也不能完全消除大气的影响 ,特别是湿大气部分由于变化随机性强 ,很难用模型估计。本文研究了在球对称大气模式下 ,与余误差函数形式相联系的中性大气折射延迟的母函数 ,讨论了与其有关的一些展开式 ,并对各种映射函数进行了比较。     

地下水^32Si年龄测定方法：液体闪烁计数法

＾３２Ｓｉ是宇宙成因的放射性同位素，其半衰期约为２００ａ，应用＾３２Ｓｉ作为示踪剂测定地下水年龄的范围为５０－１０００ａ。本文介绍了应用Ｆ ｅ（ＯＨ）３共沉法从天然水中提取ＳｉＯ２的制备方法。     

放射性同位素^32Si及其研究进展

放射性同位素＾３２Ｓｉ的半衰期介于常用的环境同位素＾３Ｈ和＾１４Ｃ之间，能测定５０￣１０００ａ之间水的年龄，是一个其它同位素所不能替代的测年工具，本文介绍了＾３２Ｓｉ的起源、在水圈各部分的分布规律，影响因素、测试方法及其在海洋学、冰川学和水文地质学方面的应用研究。     

用SA雷达测量近地面层大气折射率场

通过测量近地面层的水汽变化,可以研究中小尺度雷暴系统的初生和发展,进而可以根据水汽数据帮助作出未来中小尺度天气过程的临近预报.因此,水汽探测具有重要的研究和应用价值.研究和实验证明,目前我国大量布网的SA多谱勒天气雷达,能够开展大气折射率场的探测,并用探测到的折射率场反演水汽的变化.本文对用SA雷达实现这种探测的一些关...     

Seeing through porous media: An experimental study for unveiling interstitial flows

We describe a novel inexpensive method, utilizing particle image velocimetry (PIV) and refractive index‐matching (RIM) for visualizing and quantifying the flow field within bio‐amended porous media. To date, this technique has been limited to idealized particles, whose refractive index does not match that of fresh water and thus requires specialized and often toxic or hazardous fluids. Here, we use irregularly shaped grains made of hydrogel as the solid matrix and water as the fluid. The advantage of using water is that it provides, for the first time, the opportunity to study both hydraulic and biological processes, which typically occur in soils and streambeds. By using RIM coupled with PIV (RIM‐PIV), we measured the interstitial flow field within a cell packed with granular material consisting of hydrogel grains in a size range of 1–8 mm, both in the presence and in the absence of Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria (strain Rm8530). We also performed experiments with fluorescent tracer (fluorescein) and fluorescent microbes (Shewanella GPF MR‐1) to test the capability of visualizing solute transport and microbial movements. Results showed that the RIM‐PIV can measure the flow field for both biofilm‐free and biofilm‐covered hydrogel grains. The fluorescent tracer injection showed the ability to visualize both physical (concave surfaces and eddies) and biological (biofilms) transient storage zones, whereas the fluorescent microbe treatment showed the ability to track microbial movements within fluids. We conclude that the proposed methodology is a promising tool to visualize and quantify biofilm attachment, growth, and detachment in a system closer to natural conditions than a 2D flow cell experiment.     

电解富集-液体闪烁计数法测量北极海水中氚活度

A method of measuring the tritium in seawater based on electrolytic enrichment and ultra-low background liquid scintillation counting techniques was established. The different factors influencing the detection limit were studied, including the counting time, the electrolytic volume of the seawater samples, the selection of background water, scintillation solution and their ratio. After optimizing the parameters and electrolyzing 350 mL volume of samples, the detection limit of the method was as low as 0.10 Bq/L. In order to test the optimization of system for this method, of the 84 seawater samples collected from the Arctic Ocean we measured, 92% were above the detection limit(the activity of this samples ranged from 0.10 Bq/L to 1.44 Bq/L with an average of(0.30±0.24) Bq/L).In future research, if we need to accurately measure the tritium activity in samples, the volume of the electrolytic samples will be increased to further reduce the minimum detectable activity.