利用折射指数推算大气纬圈平均风场方法

鉴于地转风、梯度风和平衡风各自计算风场的特点,该文利用COSMIC掩星折射指数资料,根据大气折射指数与大气密度、风场之间的关系,选用梯度风方程,建立了推算20~60 km中层大气纬圈平均风场的方法,分别与ECMWF提供的ERA-interim及NASA/GMAO提供的MERRA再分析风场资料对比验证。选用2007年1,4,7月和10月的COSMIC掩星折射指数数据,按照构建的方法计算了大气纬圈平均风场,并简单分析了大气纬圈平均纬向风随纬度、高度的变化特征及规律。计算风场与ECMWF及MERRA再分析风场资料变化规律基本一致,符合效果很好, 能够正确反映出纬向平均风场特性。1月及7月不同高度标准偏差、最大偏差随高度增加而增大,标准偏差最大约为6 m/s,最大偏差不超过11 m/s,沿纬度方向相关系数有减小的趋势,但不低于0.98,4月及10月偏差稍小,最大偏差不超过8 m/s。结果表明:利用COSMIC掩星折射指数资料通过梯度风方程计算风场,是获取中层大气20~60 km纬圈平均风场的一种有效方法。     

Long-term measurements of 36Cl to investigate potential solar influence on the decay rate

Recently, Jenkins et al. [6] reported on fluctuations in the detected decay events of ³⁶Cl which were measured with a Geiger–Müller counter. Experimental data of ³²Si measured by means of an end-window gas-flow proportional counter at the Brookhaven National Laboratory show similar periodicity, albeit a different amplitude. Jenkins et al. interpret the fluctuations as evidence of solar influence on the decay rates of beta-decaying radionuclides.In this work, liquid scintillation counting was used to check for potential variations in the ³⁶Cl decay rates. A custom-built counter with three photomultiplier tubes was used. In contrast to commercial counters, the relevant parameters of our system are well controlled and the discrimination threshold and HV setting can be adjusted and checked. The experimental data were analyzed by means of the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method which is a primary method for activity determination. Thus, our results do not depend on any other standard or reference source.Our data show fluctuations which are by more than one order of magnitude lower than those seen in the experiment using a Geiger–Müller counter. More importantly, no oscillation could be identified. Interestingly, our data overlap in time with those from Jenkins et al. [6]. We do not observe the phase and amplitude as seen by Jenkins and conclude that the fluctuations are not due to solar influence. This also implies that the interpretation by Jenkins et al. is false.     

Evolving coronal holes and interplanetary erupting stream disturbances

Coronal holes and interplanetary disturbances are important aspects of the physics of the Sun and heliosphere. Interplanetary disturbances are identified as an increase in the density turbulence compared with the ambient solar wind. Erupting stream disturbances are transient large-scale structures of enhanced density turbulence in the interplanetary medium driven by the high-speed flows of low-density plasma trailing behind for several days. Here, an attempt has been made to investigate the solar cause of erupting stream disturbances, mapped by Hewish & Bravo (1986) from interplanetary scintillation (IPS) measurements made between August 1978 and August 1979 at 81.5 MHz. The position of the sources of 68 erupting stream disturbances on the solar disk has been compared with the locations of newborn coronal holes and/or the areas that have been coronal holes previously. It is found that the occurrence of erupting stream disturbances is linked to the emergence of new coronal holes at the eruption site on the solar disk. A coronal hole is indicative of a radial magnetic field of a predominant magnetic polarity. The newborn coronal hole emerges on the Sun, owing to the changes in magnetic field configuration leading to the opening of closed magnetic structure into the corona. The fundamental activity for the onset of an erupting stream seems to be a transient opening of pre-existing closed magnetic structures into a new coronal hole, which can support highspeed flow trailing behind the compression zone of the erupting stream for several days.     

Geoneutrinos in Borexino

This paper describes the Borexino detector and the high-radiopurity studies and tests that are integral part of the Borexino technology and development. The application of Borexino to the detection and studies of geoneutrinos is discussed. Talk given by M.G. Giammarchi     

电磁波在电离层的传播特性研究

研究了折射率n与电子数浓度N_e及高度h之间的关系,并通过数值模拟对电子数浓度的高度剖面和折射率随高度的变化规律进行了分析.将模拟和实际观测出的频高图进行对比,发现在高电离层模拟值与实际值较相近,在低电离层则由于非线性关系及E_s层存在的效应,模拟值与实际值有较大的误差.     

AEC-Ⅰ型自动排气控制仪的研制及其应用

AEC-Ⅰ型自动排气控制仪(Automatic Exhaust Control)可与真空果配套使用排除水氡观测闪烁室内的残留氡气。该仪器性能稳定、操作简单,能够对闪烁室自动按"排气-抽真空-再排气-再抽真空"顺序循环操作,还可以根据需要调节"排气-抽真空"状态的循环时间,提高排气效率,排气后的闪烁室本底达到《规范》要求,并在面板上实现了排气时间可视化。在该仪器试运行期间,对仪器的稳定性、真空时间和排气时间对排气效果的影响、仪器连续使用时间对排气效果的影响、与手动排气结果对比等方面进行测试分析,结果认为:AEC-I型自动排气控制仪控制精度高,性能稳定,对闪烁室的排气效果达到规范要求,可以作为水氡观测辅助设备用于闪烁室的排气工作。     

Profile and Character of Atmospheric Structure Constant of Refractive Index Cn2

Random fluctuations of turbulence bring random fluctuations of the refractive index, making the atmosphere a random fluctuation medium that destroys the coherence of light-waves. Research in atmospheric turbulence is actually the investigation of the atmospheric refractive index. The atmospheric structure constant of refractive index, Cn2, is an important parameter denoting atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, Cn2 is measured during the day and at night and in all four seasons using a high sensitivity micro-thermal meter QHTP-2. The vertical profile of Cn2 in Hefei (0–30 km) is investigated by the analysis of experimental data. The average profile of Cn2 in Hefei exhibits conspicuous day and night differences with increased altitude. The distribution of log(Cn2) is nearly normal and has conspicuous seasonal differences.     

新疆戈壁地区近地面大气折射率结构常数观测对比

利用大口径闪烁仪和QHTP-2型温度脉动仪对新疆戈壁地区近地面大气折射率结构常数进行对比观测。结果表明：两种仪器测量所得大气折射率结构常数具有较好的相关性,皮尔森相关系数达0.68。大口径闪烁仪所测结果符合新疆戈壁地区近地面大气湍流强度日变化特征,与温度脉动仪测量结果随时间变化趋势基本一致。两种仪器测量结果在数量级上存在的差异,可能是由测量原理、测量高度、大气稳定状态等因素造成的。     

分层均匀介质折射率廓线的重建

依据电磁逆散射理论，由频域的反射系数或时域的反射脉冲重建分层均匀介质折射率廓线。采用非线性重整化技术对利卡提方程进行化简，并由此导出反射脉冲与折射率廓线分布函数之间的关系。数值模拟结果表明，用非线性重整化技术重建折射率廓线具有物理图象清晰、精度高、抗噪声干扰及简便快捷的优点。     

大气气溶胶折射率虚部的宽谱反演方法 II.对比实验与应用研究

通过对比观测实验 ,分析了宽谱方法与总辐射 -直射比方法对大气气溶胶折射率虚部的反演结果。对比结果表明 :两种方法对虚部的反演结果分别为 0 0 1 2± 0 0 0 3和 0 0 1 1± 0 0 0 4。另外 ,本文直接利用气象台站的辐射观测资料计算了北京 1 992年的大气气溶胶折射率虚部 ,并分析了北京地区气溶胶的局地辐射气候效应 ,发现北京气溶胶的辐射气候效应在冬季是倾向于加热的 ,而其他季节则倾向于冷却。