东南极Amery冰架与陆地冰分界线的重新划定及验证

根据无线电回波测厚(RES)数据对东南极Amery冰架与陆地冰分界线进行了重新划定,指出该冰架的接地线位置最南一直向内陆延伸到73.2°S处,距冰架末端最远距离约500km。并在该流域选取了两条具有代表性的剖面,分别用水面以下的冰厚度与总的冰厚度的比值、流体静力学平衡理论等进行了验证。同时对该地区所在的整个冰流系统用5km ERS-1/DEM数据和1km RAMP/DEM数据,GPS实地测量值等对这一结论进行了验证。最后按流体静力学平衡条件对该流域的漂浮冰部分重新进行了标定。     

GPS射频干扰浅析

由于GPS接收机的工作有赖于GPS卫星信号，所以易受射频干扰(RFI)的影响。射频干扰可能会引起导航精度的降低或接收机跟踪的丢失。本文论述了信号噪声比和信号噪声密度比的概念，分析了射频干扰对GPS接收的影响，最后说明了直接检测RFI的方法以及RFI源的定位。     

Bundle Adjustment with Self–Calibration Using Straight Lines

Increased use of digital imagery has facilitated the opportunity to use features, in addition to points, in photogrammetric applications. Straight lines are often present in object space, and prior research has focused on incorporating straight–line constraints into bundle adjustment for frame imagery. In the research reported in this paper, object–space straight lines are used in a bundle adjustment with self–calibration. The perspective projection of straight lines in the object space produces straight lines in the image space in the absence of distortions. Any deviations from straightness in the image space are attributed to various distortion sources, such as radial and decentric lens distortions. Before incorporating straight lines into a bundle adjustment with self–calibration, the representation and perspective transformation of straight lines between image space and object space should be addressed. In this investigation, images of straight lines are represented as a sequence of points along the image line. Also, two points along the object–space straight line are used to represent that line. The perspective relationship between image– and object–space lines is incorporated in a mathematical constraint. The underlying principle in this constraint is that the vector from the perspective centre to an image point on a straight–line feature lies on the plane defined by the perspective centre and the two object points defining the straight line. This constraint has been embedded in a software application for bundle adjustment with self–calibration that can incorporate point as well as straight–line features. Experiments with simulated and real data have proved the feasibility and the efficiency of the algorithm proposed.     

空间大地测量的最新进展(三)

4 卫星雷达测高的最新进展4.1 从GEOS-3到SEASAT-1卫星雷达测高是从卫星上安置的雷达测高仪垂直向海面发射电脉冲,并被海面垂直反射至卫星.由电脉冲在测高仪和海面之间往返的时间,即可推算卫星对于瞬时海面的高度ha.由于电波束发散成为圆锥状,ha实际上是以εha(ε是波束圆锥的开角)为半径的一个圆形波迹范围内的平均高度.若ε=1°,ha=500-1000km,则此半径约为10km.在上节所述的激光测高中,地面光迹的直径为70m.因此,激光测高的分辨率远远好于雷达测高.为了把雷达测高结果换算为卫星至大地水准面的距离,需要加入一系列改正.测高卫星的位置可由该星的精密轨道求得,由此可算出该卫星至所选定的平均地球椭球面的距离h(即大地高),于是大地水准面高N=h-ha.     

GPS软件接收机系统设计及仿真实验研究

软件接收机通道模块设计体现着软件算法的核心,接收机运行控制设计决定着整个软件系统的循环。在接收机通道状态分析的基础上设计实现了GPS单频软件接收机,并对自行开发的C/A码信号仿真器产生的数字中频信号进行了实验,分析了捕获和跟踪状态中通道重要参数的时间序列关系,验证了时域串行搜索捕获策略、超前—滞后非相干码跟踪环路以及直方图位同步算法的正确性和通道模块结构设计的合理性。     

Numerical modeling of gravitational field lines – the effect of mass attraction on horizontal coordinates

There are two basic types of geodetic projections by which the points located on the Earth's surface can be projected onto a reference ellipsoid. Because of the different principles of Helmert's and Pizzetti's methods two sets of horizontal and vertical coordinates are obtained for the same set of surface points. The difference is investigated in terms of offsets of horizontal coordinates. For an estimation of the offsets the field lines going through topographic masses are determined by three different numerical methods in `flat Earth approximation' using a volume element model of the density distribution of the lithosphere in a part of central Europe. The maximum horizontal offset reaches 20 cm on the investigated area at the level of the geoid. Received: 28 October 1998 / Accepted: 16 August 1999     

关于优化n条线段求交算法的研究

首先分析了n条线段相交算法的不足，然后系统地阐述利用扫视法缩小求交线段的范围，利用点位判别法高效判断两线段是否相交的理论，从而提出了一套较为优化的n条线段求交算法。本文对其算法给出详细的分析和讨论，最后指出此算法的适用范围。     

GPS软件接收机仿真实验及算法验证

在分析基于软件无线电GPS接收机结构的基础上,在基于PC软件接收机信号处理系统上采用模拟的数字中频信号,对软件接收机信号捕获、跟踪算法进行了分析和验证。信号捕获阶段给出了基于快速傅利叶变换FFT的快速搜索原理和结果,并采用跟踪阶段Q支路信号的统计特性分析了捕获门限和误警概率的关系,给出了一种捕获门限的优化方法;跟踪阶段对系统采用的数字锁相环(PLL)进行了分析,并对I/Q解调原理进行了解析和验证。     

铅垂线辅助城区航空影像的绝对定向

依据灭点理论,推导了空间铅垂线与航空影像的空间姿态角之间的关系及其相应的误差方程式,并分析了铅垂线辅助的单像空间后方交会和单模型绝对定向中所需的控制点数。最后,通过实际数据的试验研究了铅垂线辅助的单像空间后方交会和单模型绝对定向的精度与可靠性。试验结果表明,在传统的单像空间后方交会和单模型绝对定向中引入铅垂线约束条件,不仅定向精度与传统的基于控制点的绝对定向精度相当,而且可以减少所需的控制点数以及定向精度对控制点分布的依赖性。     

城区铅垂线辅助空中三角测量研究

根据灭点理论建立了铅垂线辅助空中三角测量理论模型，讨论了控制点的分布和旁向重叠度对附加铅垂线约束的空中三角测量的精度与可靠性的影响，最后结合实际数据对上述铅垂线辅助空中三角测量理论分析结果进行了试验验证。试验结果表明，铅垂线约束可以作为一种控制条件，引入城区航空影像的空中三角测量，以减少传统空三所需的高程控制点数，为城区航空影像的空中三角测量解算提供了一种新的思路。