星系团内物理过程对宇宙微波背景辐射的影响

观测表明,富星系团内存在着大量的高温热电子.它们将与微波背景光子相互作用.本文考虑了星系团集合使微波背景辐射产生的畸变.我们的理论估计表明,富星系团集合的高温热电子散射背景光子,使背景辐射谱偏离黑体辐射谱.在背景谱的维恩区,畸变小于2.74K黑体峰值强度的1％,这个结果与最近COBE卫星的探测结果是一致的.没有得到Matsumoto所探测到的在700μm附近有相当于黑体谱峰值强度10％的重大畸变.星系作为微引力透镜,对背景辐射的影响不可能探测得到.星系团内热电子的轫致辐射在微波波段更弱.     

Gamma-ray probe of cosmic ray pressure in galaxy clusters and cosmological implications

Cosmic rays produced in cluster accretion and merger shocks provide pressure to the intracluster medium (ICM) and affect the mass estimates of galaxy clusters. Although direct evidence for cosmic ray ions in the ICM is still lacking, they produce γ-ray emission through the decay of neutral pions produced in their collisions with ICM nucleons. We investigate the capability of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope ( GLAST ) and imaging atmospheric Čerenkov telescopes (IACTs) for constraining the cosmic ray pressure contribution to the ICM. We show that GLAST can be used to place stringent upper limits, a few per cent for individual nearby rich clusters, on the ratio of pressures of the cosmic rays and thermal gas. We further show that it is possible to place tight (≲10 per cent) constraints for distant  ( z ≲ 0.25)  clusters in the case of hard spectrum, by stacking signals from samples of known clusters. The GLAST limits could be made more precise with the constraint on the cosmic ray spectrum potentially provided by IACTs. Future γ-ray observations of clusters can constrain the evolution of cosmic ray energy density, which would have important implications for cosmological tests with upcoming X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect cluster surveys.     

Jitter radiation images, spectra and light curves from a relativistic spherical blastwave

We consider radiation emitted by the jitter mechanism in a Blandford–McKee self-similar blastwave. We assume the magnetic field configuration throughout the whole blastwave meets the condition for the emission of jitter radiation and we compute the ensuing images, light curves and spectra. The calculations are performed for both a uniform and a wind environment. We compare our jitter results to synchrotron results. We show that jitter radiation produces slightly different spectra than synchrotron, in particular between the self-absorption and the peak frequency, where the jitter spectrum is flat, while the synchrotron spectrum grows as  ν^1/3  . The spectral difference is reflected in the early decay slope of the light curves. We conclude that jitter and synchrotron afterglows can be distinguished from each other with good quality observations. However, it is unlikely that the difference can explain the peculiar behaviour of several recent observations, such as flat X-ray slopes and uncorrelated optical and X-ray behaviour.     

Late Holocene monsoon climate as evidenced by proxy records from a lacustrine sediment sequence in western Guangdong,South China

The study of a 300-cm-thick exposed lacustrine sediment section in the Hedong village in Zhaoqing area which is located in sub-tropical west Guangdong Province in South China, demonstrates that the lacustrine sedimentary sequence possibly contains evidence for exploring variation of Asian monsoon climate. Multi-proxy records, including the humification intensity, total organic carbon, and grain size fractions, reveal a general trend towards dry and cold conditions in the late Holocene that this is because of a decrease in solar insolation on an orbital scale. Three intensified Asian summer monsoon (ASM) intervals (∼3300–3000 cal yr BP, ∼2600–1600 cal yr BP, and ∼900–600 cal yr BP), and three weakened ASM intervals (∼4000–3300 cal yr BP, ∼3000–2600 cal yr BP, and ∼1600–900 cal yr BP) are identified. Our humification record (HD_cal) shows a good correlation on multi-centennial scale with the tree ring Δ¹⁴C record, a proxy of solar activity. A spectral analysis of HD_cal reveals four significant cycles, i.e., ∼1250 yr, 300 yr, 110 yr, and 70 yr, and most of these cycles are related to the solar activity. Our findings indicate that solar output and oceanic–atmospheric circulation probably have influenced the late Holocene climate variability in the study region.     

青藏高原OLR的气候特征及其对北半球大气环流的影响

利用１９７４－１９９０年青藏高原地区地－气系统月平均射出长波辐射资料，采用ＥＯＦ方法分析了前３个特征向量场，得到了青藏高原地区地－气系统射出长波辐射的几种异常形式，阐述了它们的天气气候特征，并对不同气候区的持续 及其与北半球大气环流的关系作了研究。     

昌吉市太阳总辐射的气候学计算及其变化特征分析

利用昌吉市1961—1997年的逐日气候资料,对昌吉市1961—1997年多年平均逐日太阳总辐射进行了气候学计算,并分析了其变化特征和变化趋势,结果表明:昌吉市太阳总辐射多年平均年日总量为22.82MJ.m-2.d-1,太阳总辐射在8～9月份最高,12月份最低,昌吉市的太阳总辐射呈逐年下降趋势。     

2000—2016年中国再分析辐射资料与观测值对比

大气再分析辐射资料克服了传统的地面观测资料缺乏和台站分布不均的缺点,以及卫星遥感反演算法的适用性和传感器精度等问题,采用不同的模型对太阳辐射状况进行动态模拟,并结合实际观测数据对模型进行校正,建立了长时间序列和不同分辨率的数据产品。尽管目前再分析辐射产品评估已经有较多的研究,但是针对我国长时间序列太阳辐射变化的不同再分析辐射资料间的精度对比评估较少,尤其缺乏不同再分析辐射资料空间差异性研究。选取2000—2016年NCEP/DOE、ERA-Interim、GLDASV2.1三种不同空间分辨率的再分析辐射资料,通过对比三种资料与我国辐射观测数据的差异,对三种再分析辐射资料在空间分布和时间序列的适用性进行详细的精确度评估。结果表明,从年资料对比来看,2000—2016年中国区域NCEP辐射资料显著高于其他三种资料,与观测值平均偏差约为1 342.2 MJ/(m²a),东部地区高估现象严重。ERA辐射资料平均偏差为681.8 MJ/(m²a),中国西部、华北及华中地区高估严重。GLDAS辐射资料平均偏差最小为130.2 MJ/(m²     

秋季太湖水下光场结构及其对水生态系统的影响

水生态系统中光能的分配很大程度上决定了水生态系统的结构和功能,利用2007年11-12月太湖水体光学特性和组分浓度数据,对秋季太湖水下光场结构特征和水体组分光竞争能力的表征光学量(漫衰减系数、平均余弦)和影响因素(吸收系数比重)进行了分析研究.结果表明,秋季太湖水下辐照度呈现单峰分布,最高值为583nm左右:根据Kd可将黄质和非色素物质主导程度的强弱分为弱、较强、强三个等级;Kd(PAR)平均值为4.61±1.54m-1,水体真光层厚度平均值为1.11±0.35m;太湖水下光场的光能主要分布在青光和黄绿光波长范围内,约占总能量的60%,蓝光和红光波长范围内的能量约占30%,这样的光谱结构有利于铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻的生长.