基于SuperMap的空间大数据可视化技术研究与应用

人类正从IT时代走向DT时代,诸多的技术手段使大数据处理技术能够从大规模数据中分析出相关模式或趋势,让我们对海量数据的价值挖掘充满了期待.当可视化呈现让大数据的潜力达到最大时,以往未被观察到的现象或趋势很容易被发现,用户能够快速地获得更多信息,发现他们所需要的价值.因此,如何最大化地呈现大数据中隐含的价值变得尤为关键.本文将重点研究空间大数据的可视化方法,充分发挥数据可视化的作用,帮助用户挖掘隐藏在空间大数据中的价值.     

Analysis of urban built-up areas and surface urban heat island using downscaled MODIS derived land surface temperature data

Regional scale urban built-up areas and surface urban heat islands (SUHI) are important for urban planning and policy formation. Owing to coarse spatial resolution (1000 m), it is difficult to use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land surface temperature (LST) products for mapping urban areas and visualization, and SUHI-related studies. To overcome this problem, the present study downscaled MODIS (1000 m resolution)-derived LST to 250 m resolution to map and visualize the urban areas and identify the basic components of SUHI over 12 districts of Punjab, India. The results are compared through visual interpretation and statistical procedure based on similarity analysis. The increased entropy value in the downscaled LST signifies higher information content. The temperature variation within the built-up and its environs is due to difference in land use and is depicted better in the downscaled LST. The SUHI intensity analysis of four cities (Ludhiana, Patiala, Moga and Vatinda) indicates that mean temperature in urban built-up core is higher (38.87 °C) as compared to suburban (35.85 °C) and rural (32.41 °C) areas. The downscaling techniques demonstrated in this paper enhance the usage of open-source wide swath MODIS LST for continuous monitoring of SUHI and urban area mapping, visualisation and analysis at regional scale. Such initiatives are useful for the scientific community and the decision-makers.     

Multi‐scale approach to mining significant spatial co‐location patterns

Spatial co‐location pattern mining aims to discover a collection of Boolean spatial features, which are frequently located in close geographic proximity to each other. Existing methods for identifying spatial co‐location patterns usually require users to specify two thresholds, i.e. the prevalence threshold for measuring the prevalence of candidate co‐location patterns and distance threshold to search the spatial co‐location patterns. However, these two thresholds are difficult to determine in practice, and improper thresholds may lead to the misidentification of useful patterns and the incorrect reporting of meaningless patterns. The multi‐scale approach proposed in this study overcomes this limitation. Initially, the prevalence of candidate co‐location patterns is measured statistically by using a significance test, and a non‐parametric model is developed to construct the null distribution of features with the consideration of spatial auto‐correlation. Next, the spatial co‐location patterns are explored at multi‐scales instead of single scale (or distance threshold) discovery. The validity of the co‐location patterns is evaluated based on the concept of lifetime. Experiments on both synthetic and ecological datasets show that spatial co‐location patterns are discovered correctly and completely by using the proposed method; on the other hand, the subjectivity in discovery of spatial co‐location patterns is reduced significantly.     

城市地理信息系统建设中的若干问题及解决思路探讨

分析了城市地理信息系统(UGIS)建设与发展中存在的标准化、信息安全、运营机制等问题,并给出了相应的解决思路;阐述了相关行业部门协作与产业化发展的方向。     

年度土地变更调查新机制之探索

介绍了武汉市土地变更调查的历史沿革情况,通过对新旧机制的对比以及分析新机制存在的问题,从而对变更调查新机制进行了探索研究。     

ArcIMS的性能优化及高可用性配置研究

基于ArcIMS可以在Web上建立稳定的、高性能的GIS服务,着重阐述了如何最大程度地利用ArcIMS的技术优势,通过Web传送地图及其数据,如何配置ArcIMS系统以减少因为故障停机的概率,以及如何调整空间数据和地图服务来提高地图服务的性能。最后进行了网络评估和多任务机制分析,为不同的应用提供了不同的解决方案。     

Interaction between a circular opening and fractures originating from its boundary in a piecewise homogeneous plane

The complex variables boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to study interaction between a circular opening and fractures originating from its boundary in a piecewise homogeneous plane. A new complex hypersingular equation for piecewise homogeneous media with a circular opening is obtained. The equation is solved using the CVBEM technique with circular and straight boundary elements and polynomial approximations (with square root asymptotics for crack tip elements) for the unknown functions. The algorithm is verified through comparison with known semi‐analytical and numerical solutions that involve interaction between a circular opening and specific systems of cracks or other openings. New numerical results concerning the interaction of the circular opening with the cracks and circular inclusions are presented. The method is applied to an important problem in the petroleum industry: modelling propagation of hydraulic fractures in the vicinity of a borehole. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同遥感影像的城市热岛空间分布特征分析

针对传统的地面观测方式很难全面掌握城市地面热岛的空间分布情况的问题,该文将HJ-1B卫星热红外图像代表的亮温图和采用HJ-1B卫星反演的温度图像正规化,利用量化等级体系对同一地区的亮温分布图和温度分布图进行划分,提出并采用间隙度指数对不同影像的高温区进行空间分布进行评价。实验结果表明:基于热红外影像的城市热岛空间分布比基于热红外影像反演的温度图的热岛空间分布更为集中,为研究不同影像之间的城市热岛空间分布提供了一种评价方法。     

南极中山站以南地区冰面高程信息的提取

在实地高程控制点与热红外影像上同名像点的辐射亮度值间建立函数关系，从Ｌａｎｄｓａｔ４ＴＭ６影像上提取出中山站附近冰面的高程信息，并绘制成冰面地形图。     

Integrating spectral and non-spectral data to improve urban settlement mapping in a large Latin-American city

ABSTRACT

Information on urban settlements is crucial for sustainability planning and management. While remote sensing has been used to derive such information, its applicability can be compromised due to the complexity in the urban environment. In this study, we developed a remote sensing method to map land cover types in a large Latin-American city, which is well known for its mushrooming unplanned and informal settlements. After carefully considering the landscape complexity there, we designed a data fusion method combining multispectral imagery and non-spectral data for urban and land mapping. Specifically, we acquired a cloud-free Landsat-8 image and two non-spectral datasets, i.e., digital elevation models and road networks. Then, we implemented a set of experiments with different inputs to evaluate their merits in thematic mapping through a supervised protocol. We found that the map generated with the multispectral data alone had an overall accuracy of 73.3% but combining multispectral imagery and non-spectral data yielded a land cover map with 90.7% overall accuracy. Interestingly, the thermal infrared information helped substantially improve both the overall and categorical accuracies, particularly for the two urban classes. The two types of non-spectral data were critical in resolving several spectrally confused categories, thus considerably increasing the mapping accuracy. However, the panchromatic band with higher spatial resolution and its derived textural measurement only generated a marginal accuracy improvement. The novelties of our work are with the successful separation between the two major types of urban settlements in a complex environment using a carefully designed data fusion approach and the insight into the relative merits of the thermal infrared information and non-spectral data in helping resolve the issue of class ambiguity. These findings should be valuable in deriving accurate urban settlement information which can further advance the research on socio-ecological dynamics and urban sustainability.