Frictional discharge at fault asperities: Origin of fractal seismo-electromagnetic radiation

To investigate the relation between the rock friction and the fractal electromagnetic radiation before the main-shock of earthquakes, we conducted a friction experiment simulating the motion of an asperity on a fault plane, and observed photon emissions due to electric discharge by dielectric breakdown of ambient gases from friction contacts between rock minerals. This indicates that frictional discharges (plasma generations) could occur locally at microscopic asperities on fault surfaces. From concepts on the fractal size-distribution and temporal evolution of fault asperities, the frictional discharge occurring at asperities on the fault plane can be one of origins of the fractal electromagnetic radiation (Benioff electromagnetic radiation) prior to earthquakes.     

碳酸盐岩地层中B元素测试方法——一种改进的ICP—AES方法

为解决碳酸盐岩地层中B元素分析困难的问题,采用HF—HNO,-HClO3-H3PO3溶样,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定碳酸盐地层中的B元素。该方法的特点是,在溶样体系中加入适量H3PO4避免B元素的挥发损失,并对H3PO4最佳用量进行了试验。方法检出限3．8×10^-6（10SD）,用国家一级标准物质进行准确度、精密度验证,精密度（RSD）小于6．44％,准确度（△1gC）小于0．087。该方法还可以同时测定Be、Ba、Cr、Cu、Co、Ni、Pb、Mo、V、Mn、Li、Zn、Ga等十几种元素,也适用于土壤、岩石、水系沉积物其它样品中B等多元素同时测定。运用该方法测试了西南天山哈拉奇地区碳酸盐地层中B、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ba等元素,并对其地质意义进行了简要探讨。     

杂色鲍血淋巴双向电泳与质谱分析

以杂色鲍(Haliotisdiversicolor)血淋巴为材料进行了双向电泳研究。首先,确定了以丙酮沉淀法和RC DC 蛋白定量试剂盒为基础的蛋白制备与定量方法;其次,对样品前处理方法进行了摸索,通过500 r/min的低速离心方法分离了血细胞和血浆组分,通过35000 r/min超速离心2 h除掉了部分高丰度的血蓝蛋白,降低了高分子量区域的血蓝蛋白背景;进一步使用18 cm pH 3-10非线性胶条和标准化的电泳程序,对不同上样量的电泳银染结果进行了比较,获得了良好的双向电泳图谱;最终选取肌动蛋白、原肌球蛋白、胶原蛋白和血蓝蛋白4个蛋白点成功进行了质谱鉴定。     

Fine structure of decametric type II radio bursts

We have performed a comparative analysis of the fine structure of two decametric type II bursts observed on July 17 and August 16, 2002, with the 1024-channel spectrograph of the UTR-2 radio telescope in the frequency range 18.5–29.5 MHz and with the IZMIRAN spectrograph in the frequency range 25–270 MHz. The August 16 burst was weak, ～2–5 s.f.u., but exhibited an unusual fine structure in the form of broadband fibers (Δf _e > 250–500 kHz) that drifted at a rate characteristic of type II bursts and consisted of regular narrow-band fibers (Δf _e > 50–90 kHz at 24 MHz) resembling a rope of fibers. The July 17 burst was three orders of magnitude more intense (up to 4500 s.f.u. at 20 MHz) and included a similar fiber structure. The narrow fibers were irregular and shorter in duration. They differed from an ordinary rope of fibers by the absence of absorption from the low-frequency edge and by slow frequency drift (slower than that of a type II burst). Both type II bursts were also observed in interplanetary space in the WIND/WAVES RAD2 spectra, but without any direct continuation. Analysis of the corresponding coronal mass ejections (CMEs) based on SOHO/LASCO C2 data has shown that the radio source of the type II burst detected on August 16 with UTR-2 was located between the narrow CME and the shock front trailing behind that was catching up with the CME. The July 17 type II fiber burst also occurred at the time when the shock front was catching up with the CME. Under such conditions, it would be natural to assume that the emission from large fibers is related to the passage of the shock front through narrow inhomogeneities in the CME tail. Resonant transition radiation may be the main radio emission mechanism. Both events are characterized by the possible generation of whistlers between the leading CME edge and the shock front. The whistlers excited at shock fronts manifest themselves only against the background of enhanced emission from large fibers (similar to the continuum modulation in type IV bursts). The reduction in whistler group velocity inside inhomogeneities to 760 km s^?1 may be responsible for the unusually low drift rate of the narrow fibers. The magnetic field inside inhomogeneities determined from fiber parameters at 24 MHz is ～0.9 G, while the density should be increased by at least a factor of 2.     

海水中三价与六价铬高效液相色谱-三重四级杆电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HPLC-TQ-ICP-MS)的联用测定

基于高效液相色谱(HPLC)与三重四级杆电感耦合等离子体质谱(TQ-ICP-MS)联用技术,构建海水中三价铬与六价铬在线分离与测定的检测方法。采用TQ-ICP-MS碰撞反应池(KED)技术消除³⁵Cl¹⁶O¹H⁺、⁴⁰Ar¹²C对⁵²Cr同位素测定可能存在的质谱干扰。选用Dionex IonPac AG 7 (4 mm×50 mm10μm)阴离子交换柱为分析柱,对流动相浓度及pH值进行优化,结果表明,当流动相浓度为0.08 mol/L NH₄NO₃、0.6 mmol/L EDTA,pH值7.5,流速1.0 mL/min时,仅需80 s就可以完成三价铬和六价铬的理想分离与测定。对络合剂EDTA的络合浓度、pH、温度及时间进行了深入研究,结果显示,当EDTA浓度为10 mmol/L、络合pH值7.5、络合温度50°C、络合时间2 h时,三价铬可以最大程度的被EDTA络合。在0.1～50.0μg/...     

High‐Precision Measurement of Molybdenum Isotopic Compositions of Selected Geochemical Reference Materials

Here we describe high‐precision molybdenum isotopic composition measurements of geological reference materials, performed using multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). Purification of Mo for isotopic measurements was achieved by ion exchange chromatography using Bio‐Rad AG^® 1‐X8 anion exchange resin. Instrumental mass bias was corrected using ¹⁰⁰Mo‐⁹⁷Mo double spiking techniques. The precision under intermediate measurement conditions (eighteen measurement sessions over 20 months) in terms of δ^98/95Mo was 0.10‰ (2s). The measurement output was approximately four times more efficient than previous techniques, with no compromise in precision. The Mo isotopic compositions of seven geochemical reference materials, seawater (IAPSO), manganese nodules (NOD‐P‐1 and NOD‐A‐1), copper‐molybdenum ore (HV‐2), basalt (BCR‐2) and shale (SGR‐1b and SCo‐1), were measured. δ^98/95Mo values were obtained for IAPSO (2.25 ± 0.09‰), NOD‐P‐1 (?0.66 ± 0.05‰), NOD‐A‐1 (?0.48 ± 0.05‰), HV‐2 (?0.23 ± 0.10‰), BCR‐2 (0.21 ± 0.07‰), SCo‐1 (?0.24 ± 0.06‰) and SGR‐1b (0.63 ± 0.02‰) by calculating δ^98/95Mo relative to NIST SRM 3134 (0.25‰, 2s). The molybdenum isotopic compositions of IAPSO, NOD‐A‐1 and NOD‐P‐1 obtained in this study are within error of the compositions reported previously. Molybdenum isotopic compositions for BCR‐2, SCo‐1 and SGR‐1b are reported for the first time.     

极区顶部电离层离子上行-DMSP卫星观测

本文利用DMSP卫星离子漂移速度测量数据,对高纬顶部电离层离子整体上行进行研究,主要考察平静时和磁暴期间离子上行强度与发生率随MLT(晨昏两侧)分布规律的变化;以及磁暴期间强的离子上行与等离子体对流及其剪切之间的关系。研究发现,磁暴期间强上行事件的发生率比平静期高近2倍,发生率的晨昏不对称性出现逆转,由平静时昏侧发生率较大变为磁暴期间晨侧发生率较大;磁暴期间晨侧离子上行速度的分布向速度高端加权,平均速度大于昏侧,最大上行速度远大于昏侧;强的离子上行往往与强对流剪切或强对流本身相伴随。     

全自动石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定岩石样品中稀土元素

本文建立了以全自动石墨消解仪消解样品,“加酸-消解-赶酸-定容-摇匀”全程用软件控制,以Rh、Re为内标,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定岩石中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y 15种稀土元素含量的方法。通过对岩石国家一级标准物质GBW07103、GBW07104、GBW07105、GBW07108、GBW07109、GBW07110、GBW07112、GBW07122进行方法酸用量、方法精密度、准确度和检出限的测试研究。结果表明：按照消解程序消解的上述岩石国家标准物质,各元素测定值与标准值一致,相对标准偏差在0.98%～4.41%之间,方法精密度优于常用的电热板消解法,方法精密度、准确度和检出限满足地质矿产实验测试质量管理规范的要求,该方法用酸量较少,自动化程度高,可应用于批量样品的测试。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定磷矿中有效五氧化二磷

利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定磷矿中的有效五氧化二磷,样品采用柠檬酸浸提处理,干过滤,滤液引入电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定。这种方法与传统分光光度法测定有效五氧化二磷相比较,能很好的测定磷矿中有效五氧化二磷,相对标准偏差较低,结果准确。