Experimental Design for the Laboratory Simulation of Magnetized Astrophysical Jets

Concepts of several experimental configurations for the investigation of magnetized jets and their interaction with magnetized environments are presented. In the planned experiments, the plasma jets will be created by laser ablation of shaped targets, while magnetic and electric fields with the required configurations will be produced independently by a pulsed power generator. In particular, the recently coupled Terawatt laser Tomcat and Terawatt pulsed power generator Zebra will be used for experiments.     

高纬电离层中非麦克斯韦分布等离子体的非相干散射谱的模拟

使用一个修正的双麦克斯韦分布函数，通过最小均方适应技术使它与高纬电离层Ｆ区中离子的非麦克斯韦速度分布函数相适配．结果表明，使用这样的分布函数可以简化非相干散射谱的计算，并有助于简化高纬地区电离层非相干散射谱的反演．     

高压液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱联用技术在元素化学形态分析中的应用

介绍了高压液相色谱与等离子体光谱仪的联用技术及其应用于元素化学形态分析的现状、前景和存在问题。着重叙述了联用接口的作用和几种接口的结构性能。     

锍试金富集贵金属元素1Ⅰ.等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量铂族元素

纯化了捕集剂，用锍试金结合Ｔｅ共沉淀富集，等离子体质谱法测定了地质样品中的铂族元素。全流程铂族元素回收率大于９４％。一次熔样可同时测定６个铂族元素。按２０ｇ取样计算，方法检出限（ｎｇ／ｇ）分别为：００２４Ｒｕ，００１３Ｒｈ，０２０Ｐｄ，００３３Ｏｓ，０３９Ｉｒ，０１２Ｐｔ；对标准ＧＰｔ６平行测定５次，铂族元素相对标准偏差为１％（Ｏｓ）～８％（Ｐｔ）；对不同类型标样进行测定，测得结果与标准值基本吻合     

极区顶部电离层离子上行-DMSP卫星观测

本文利用DMSP卫星离子漂移速度测量数据,对高纬顶部电离层离子整体上行进行研究,主要考察平静时和磁暴期间离子上行强度与发生率随MLT(晨昏两侧)分布规律的变化;以及磁暴期间强的离子上行与等离子体对流及其剪切之间的关系。研究发现,磁暴期间强上行事件的发生率比平静期高近2倍,发生率的晨昏不对称性出现逆转,由平静时昏侧发生率较大变为磁暴期间晨侧发生率较大;磁暴期间晨侧离子上行速度的分布向速度高端加权,平均速度大于昏侧,最大上行速度远大于昏侧;强的离子上行往往与强对流剪切或强对流本身相伴随。     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法测定原油中痕量铁镍铜钒

系统地试验了用感耦等离子体发射光谱同时测定原油中痕量元素Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ和Ｖ的多种前处理方法,制定出Ｈ２ＳＯ４、ＨＮＯ３分步炭化,５００℃灰化,ＨＣｌ＋ＨＮＯ３（ＶＨＣｌ∶ＶＨＮＯ３＝１∶１）溶解灰分的最佳分解方案。该方法的检出限为１．０～６．０μｇ／Ｌ,精密度好,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝４）＜４．６％,加标回收率为９６．２％～１１１％。方法已应用于大庆、苏北、惠州等原油样品的分析。     

火试金捕集等离子体发射光谱法测定铜铅电解阳极泥中铂和钯

采用火试金分离捕集,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法分析了铜铅电解阳极泥中的铂和钯,重点试验了银的沉淀分离条件,方法应用于实际样品的分析,加标回收率大于95%。用贫铂矿国家一级标准物质和铜阳极泥管理样分析验证方法,其结果与标准值相符。方法的精密度(RSD,n=5)分别为Pt2.68%~3.04%,Pd4.55%~8.36%。     

LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS Trends in 2006 and 2007 with Particular Emphasis on Measurement Uncertainties

Research in 2006 and 2007 dealing with laser ablation‐(multicollector)‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry, LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS, involved studies concerned with optimising the technique itself, as well as applying the method to a variety of problems in the Earth sciences. The causes of elemental and isotopic fractionation produced during laser ablation continues to be of considerable interest, with evidence mounting that processes occurring both at the ablation site and in the argon plasma of the ICP are culpable. There is growing excitement in the use of femtosecond lasers for LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS, with the hope that they reduce or eliminate melting and non‐congruent volatilisation at the ablation site and thus approach stoichiometric sampling. Ablation chamber design emerged as a serious concern, particularly with respect to achieving the rapid washout needed for fine‐scale compositional mapping of geological objects. LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS provided data for a wide range of isotopic systems, especially hafnium, but also B, S, Mg, Cu, Fe, Sr, Nd, Pb and U. Measurement uncertainties in LA‐ICP‐MS were discussed by several researchers, and are critically reviewed here ‐ total uncertainties for trace element concentration measurements of silicates including errors on the calibration values of common reference materials are ～10% (95% confidence limits), though the precision of individual spot measurements (50 to 100 μm) is much better, ～1% RSD, using a 193 nm laser and a sector field‐ICP‐MS. LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb ages for zircon and other U‐rich accessory phases are claimed by most geoanalysts to have 2s uncertainties of ～0.7 and 1.3% respectively but the actual accuracy of the method is probably only as good as ～2% (2s), when uncertainties associated with laser‐induced Pb/U fractionation are included.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中硅和锶

本文提出的等离子体发射光谱法测定水中的硅和锶,具有检出限低、线性范围宽,样品无需处理,可直接进样测量等优点。检出限：硅(以二氧化硅计)为0．5mg／L;锶为0．001mg／L。方法简便、准确,结果令人满意。     

花岗岩风化壳中稀土纳米微粒的提取、表征及赋存状态研究

研究风化壳中纳米微粒的稀土元素特征,对于从微观层面揭示我国华南风化壳型稀土矿床成因具有重要意义。以广西平南富稀土花岗岩风化壳剖面(ΣREE_max含量1 201 ×10^-6)为典型案例,采用物理方法(超纯水,MQW)和化学方法(Na₄P₂O₇, TSPP)两种技术手段,提取了花岗岩风化产物中的纳米微粒(1~100 nm)。进而采用中空纤维流场流分离-电感耦合等离子质谱仪联用技术(HF5-ICP-MS),对纳米微粒进行了连续分离和表征,同步获得了不同粒径纳米微粒中REE的含量特征。结果指示,化学提取剂TSPP能有效打破花岗岩风化产物中的大颗粒团聚体,它对纳米微粒的提取效率比物理提取方法高10²~10³倍。在TSPP提取的纳米微粒悬浮液中,REE含量(ΣREE_TSPP含量)最高可占到风化产物全岩REE总量(ΣREE含量)的80.5 %。纳米微粒主要分布于2~5 nm和10~30 nm两个粒径区间,另有少量粒径为30~80 nm的纳米微粒出现。其中,在2~5 nm微粒中,REE峰位与有机质大分子峰位对应,指示二者在离子键合作用下形成了聚合体。而在10~30 nm微粒中,REE峰位与Al元素峰位相对应,指示REE被黏土矿物纳米微粒吸附或离子交换。此外,本研究还发现轻稀土(LREE)与重稀土(HREE)在纳米微粒中的分布并不一致。其中以La、Ce、Pr和Nd为代表的LREE元素集中出现在2~5 nm和10~30 nm的纳米微粒中,而以Tb和Lu为代表的HREE元素除了在上述两个粒径的纳米微粒中有含量显示外,还分布于30~80 nm的纳米微粒中,指示了花岗岩风化产物中可能存在着相对独立的、与有机质和黏土矿物无直接关联的重稀土纳米微粒矿物。上述发现为进一步认识风化壳型稀土矿床中稀土元素的赋存状态和富集分异过程提供了新的启示。