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311.
天然气中金属微量元素的发现及其生态环境意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了开展天然气田生态地球化学评价和天然气藏的非常规地球化学勘查研究,首次引进地气测量的抽气采集法采集天然气中的微量元素并获得成功。利用等离子光谱分析法进行检测,发现川西天然气中含有51种微量元素,其属性有碱金属、碱土金属、稀有金属、过渡金属、主族元素、卤素和非金属,以元素周期表上的第四、五、六周期的元素为主。Zn、Ca、K、Na、P、Cu、Mg、Ba、Pb、Fe含量占总量的95%以上,其中以Zn和Ca含量最高,占总量的56.7%,K、Na、P、Cu含量次之。该发现不仅对天然气的成因、烃源、成藏过程的研究以及天然气的利用有重要作用,而且对天然气田上方生态环境的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
312.
313.
V. A. Simonenko D. A. Gryaznykh N. G. Karlykhanov V. A. Lykov A. N. Shushlebin 《Astronomy Letters》2007,33(2):80-92
We study the influence of turbulent mixing on the development of thermonuclear flashes in the surface layers of neutron stars. A simple K ε model that includes various physical processes is used to describe the turbulent processes. In contrast to the widespread mixing-length theory, the K ε model does not require using additional dimensional parameters, traces the development of turbulence in dynamics, describes the various turbulence development scenarios (gravitational and shear instabilities, convection, semiconvection, etc.) in a unified way, and can be used in multidimensional numerical simulations. Empirical constants of the model are chosen on the basis of experimental data and direct numerical simulations of typical processes. We have used the Era and Tigr-3T software packages to numerically simulate thermonuclear flashes in the accretion-renewable atmospheres of neutron stars. Turbulence is shown to accelerate significantly the transport of released energy to the stellar surface. Mixing equalizes the concentrations of matter components throughout the burning layer and increases the amount of matter involved in the thermonuclear burning during a flash. 相似文献
314.
运用双流体理论,在同时考虑了单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体的电子碰撞吸收和氢离子碰撞吸收的基础上,理论推导出了铁催化高压歧化生成的单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体的微波衰减系数公式,数值计算了0.2~18 GHz频段的微波衰减系数.计算结果表明,铁催化高压歧化生成的单壁碳纳米管中氢等离子体对2.45 GHz的微波产生强烈损耗.理论值与实验数据相吻合. 相似文献
315.
文中阐述并归纳了近年地质样品中铂族元素的分离、富集及测试方法方面的最新进展。铂族元素本身的超痕量性,要求实验过程中对空白值的控制,干扰元素的扣除和检测限的降低更为严格,同时要克服块金效应。文中对消解过程中常用的火试金法、酸溶、碱熔方法和卡洛斯管法(Carius tube),分离富集过程中的Te共沉淀和离子交换法,测试手段中的原子光谱法、中子活化法和等离子质谱法等方法的最新进展进行了总结。由于复杂的地质样品中PGE的浓度范围不一、赋存形式多样,要求在具体样品分析过程中灵活地搭配使用各种分离富集和检测方法,结合笔者所在实验室在实验过程中发现的问题,对各种不同类型地质样品中铂族元素的分离富集、样品处理及测定方法也进行了总结。 相似文献
316.
317.
Propagation of small but finite amplitude ion acoustic solitons and double layers are investigated in electron–positron–ion
plasmas in presence of highly negatively charged impurities or dust. The presence of negatively charged dust particulates
can result in existence of two critical concentrations of ion–electron density ratio α. One of them α
D
decides the existence of double layers, whereas the other one α
R
decides the nature of the solitons and double layers. The system supports both compressive and rarefactive solitons as well
as double layers. The parameter regimes of transitions from compressive to rarefactive solitons and double layers are also
specified. 相似文献
318.
The Deep Space 1 (DS1) spacecraft passed the sunward side of Comet 19P/Borrelly in 2001. Along its relatively north-south orbit, a set of plasma density and velocity measurement revealed a northward shift of the plasma boundaries and the mass loading peak. Both onboard and ground based telescopes found evidence for asymmetric distribution of the dust and neutrals. In this paper, five mass-loading patterns are studied to present the first study of the effect of non-spherical neutral distribution profiles on the solar wind-cometary plasma interaction environment. Using magnetohydrodynamic simulations, it is found that a combination of Gaussian and cosine neutral jet distribution, with cosine being the major part, can fit the DS1 general plasma measurement well, with a total gas production rate of around 5×1028 s−1. These model-data comparisons indicate that the general plasma distribution around Comet Borrelly can be explained with its aspherical neutral jet distribution. However, such neutral jets by themselves are insufficient to produce the density offset in the central peak. Kinetic effects, such as finite gyroradius may be required to create the offset plasma peak. 相似文献
319.
320.
Nancy J. McMillan Shannon Rees Kristen Kochelek Catherine McManus 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2014,38(3):329-343
Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) records light emitted from the decay of electrons to lower‐energy orbitals during cooling of laser‐induced ablation plasmas; the resultant spectra can be used in a variety of geoanalytical applications. Four aspects of LIBS analysis distinguish LIBS from traditional laboratory‐based analytical techniques: (i) the lack of necessary sample preparation, allowing rapid analysis of many samples, (ii) the ability to analyse both 20 to 100 μm‐diameter spots and whole rocks, (iii) the detailed chemical signature contained in a LIBS spectrum and (iv) the ability to take LIBS into the field in backpack portable instrumentation. Three case studies illustrate potential applications of LIBS in the geosciences. First, analysis of the Carrizozo basalt flow in New Mexico, USA, illustrated that LIBS spectra could discriminate between samples of similar composition within uncertainties typical of whole‐rock analysis by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. Second, spectra from four sets of rubies from Madagascar and Tanzania illustrate the use of LIBS and multivariate analysis to determine provenance with success rates of > 95%. This technique can also be applied to correlation of units. Finally, a chemical map of a copper ore from Butte, MT, USA, illustrates the use of spatially defined LIBS spectra to understand chemical variations within textural context. 相似文献