电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定饱和卤水中的硼

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定饱和卤水中的硼,对共存元素基体干扰量进行了试验。在标准系列中加入定量基体,将卤水稀释10倍后直接测定,并做了加标回收试验,回收率在97%～103%之间,分析误差在化学分析允许的范围内,检出限和精密度都非常好。该方法快速准确,简便易行,能代替原有的容量法等化学分析方法。     

空间尘埃等离子体电磁散射特性研究

基于尘埃等离子体Mie-Debye散射模型,研究平衡态下尘埃等离子体中带电尘埃的电磁散射特性.根据输运理论计算高层大气环境中尘埃等离子体层的电磁散射场,给出电磁波垂直入射时尘埃等离子体层的反射函数,同时分析不同浓度、不同粒径分布状态下尘埃等离子体层对电磁波传播的影响.结果表明:尘埃粒子尺度对其电磁散射特性影响非常大;在对数正态分布情况下,当入射波长远大于Debye半径时,尘埃等离子体的散射主要表现为Debye散射,而入射波长远小于Debye半径时,Mie散射占主要部分;并且尘埃等离子体层对电磁波的衰减随尘埃粒子浓度以及尘埃粒子半径的增大而明显增强.     

泡沫吸附等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0.05~50.00g/t的样品能够满足要求。     

Plasma diagnostics of planetary nebulae

Diagnostics for the rarefied plasmas in gaseous nebulae are reviewed, beginning with the pioneering papers of V. A. Ambartsumian. These papers, as well as the diagnostic techniques which have been developed on the basis of ideas contained in them, are discussed. Diagnostic techniques for homogeneous, as well as inhomogeneous, plasmas are described. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 363–383 (August 2008).     

Influence of relativistic effects and vacuum polarization on the transfer of gyroresonance radiation and the stability of the atmospheres of compact stars

We consider the transfer of radiation and calculate the force of its pressure in the electron gyroresonance line in the atmospheres of magnetic degenerate stars. We specify the atmospheric parameters for which an outflow of plasma is possible under radiation pressure in the cyclotron line. We show that the permittivity tensor of a mildly relativistic plasma in a strong magnetic field found by applying relativistic corrections to the cyclotron resonance condition and by taking into account the vacuum polarization and recoil effects during photon scattering should be used to obtain proper results. We have determined the real and imaginary parts of the refractive indices and the polarization coefficients for normal electromagnetic waves when scattering dominates over absorption. Relativistic effects, which change greatly the dispersion and resonant absorption of waves propagating almost perpendicular to the magnetic field, and vacuum polarization have been found to change qualitatively the gyroresonance radiation spectrum and pressure for a wide range of parameters of stellar magnetospheres.     

Limits for the Firehose Instability in Space Plasmas

Electromagnetic instabilities in high-β plasmas, where β is the ratio of the kinetic plasma energy to the magnetic energy, have a broad range of astrophysical applications. The presence of temperature anisotropies T _∥ /T _⊥ >1 (where ∥ and ⊥ denote directions relative to the background magnetic field) in solar flares and the solar wind is sustained by the observations and robust acceleration mechanisms that heat plasma particles in the parallel direction. The surplus of parallel kinetic energy can excite either the Weibel-like instability (WI) of the ordinary mode perpendicular to the magnetic field or the firehose instability (FHI) of the circularly polarized waves at parallel propagation. The interplay of these two instabilities is examined. The growth rates and the thresholds provided by the kinetic Vlasov – Maxwell theory are compared. The WI is the fastest growing one with a growth rate that is several orders of magnitude larger than that of the FHI. These instabilities are however inhibited by the ambient magnetic field by introducing a temperature anisotropy threshold. The WI admits a larger anisotropy threshold, so that, under this threshold, the FHI remains the principal mechanism of relaxation. The criteria provided here by describing the interplay of the WI and FHI are relevant for the existence of these two instabilities in any space plasma system characterized by an excess of parallel kinetic energy.     

Three dimensional simulation of a DC free burning arc. Application to lightning physics

One of the mechanisms assumed to be involved in the ignition channel cut off is associated with the development of instability. Like any other electric arc, lightning channels become unstable if the provided power is insufficient. In order to study this phenomenon, ONERA in collaboration with EDF has performed 3D simulations of a part of a lightning channel in order to compute the main characteristics of the arc and understand in the future the physical conditions for the ignition of instability. The model, based on the resistive magneto hydro dynamic equations, was adapted to the lightning channel context. In a first step, the results were compared to the experiment of Tanaka et al. [Tanaka, S., Sunabe, K., and Goda, Y., 2000. Three dimensional behaviour analysis of D.C. free arc column by image processing technique, XIII Int'l Conf on Gas Discharges and their applications, Glasgow.] on long electric arcs subjected to continuing current at mean sea level. A good agreement between computations and measurements was found for times greater than tens of millisecond. Results also showed that the internal resistance continuously decreases with time. Finally, this model was adapted to investigate the effects of altitude on the characteristics of the arc column. Results showed that the effects of altitudes are negligible for altitudes lower than 4 km.     

Evolution of hard gluons in a medium with q^(t)∼tn and the thermalization problem

We study the energy distribution of hard gluons traversing a dense quark-gluon plasma by comparing various transverse momentum broadening rates , using a probabilistic perturbative approach. These results were applied to address the thermalization problem in heavy ion collisions. Within the weak coupling model, thermalization follows a “bottom-up” process: early-formed high-energy partons emit low-energy gluons, leading to their equilibrium formation, creating a thermal bath that facilitates equilibrium in the high-energy sector. Under this scenario, we model the time dependencies of $$ as a power-law $$, and assess the impact of $$ on the distribution of hard gluons passing through the medium.     

地震电磁成因假说

为了找到符合或接近自然真实的地震成因,结合地震学、电磁学、等离子体物理、空间物理等学科的一些研究成果,提出一个新的地震成因机制,对各种地震现象做出了合理解释。有证据表明,地震可能是一种电磁和化学效应。它可能是由于受太阳活动调制的电离层、磁层等离子体电场与地表之间的电磁感应以及地壳内部的电过程,导致大量荷电粒子（等离子体）因趋肤效应在地壳表层的某些区域积聚,积聚在数万至数百万平方千米地表中的巨量等离子体在诸如太阳活动的影响下达到了等离子体复合的条件时,就会发生猛烈的集体复合。由于等离子体复合是一种放能过程,因而会释放出巨大能量。同时由于存在辐射复合过程而产生地光,等离子体复合的爆炸效应导致类似打雷、放炮的地声,并释放出沿球面均匀地向四周传播的地震波,由此形成的强磁场中的洛伦兹力使地面产生强烈旋扭而使地面出现左旋或右旋的地裂缝。与地震密切相关的一些自然现象如干旱、台风、暴雨、热异常以及地震中的喷水冒沙、地震云等现象,都可以由此得到统一的解释。     

从空间飞行器注入电离层的调制电子束产生的电磁波辐射

调制电子束入射进电离层等离子体中会激发电磁波辐射,根据不同试验条件和等离子体状态,激发电磁波的机制也不一样.本文主要讨论半无界稀薄调制电子束沿地球磁场力线从空间飞行器入射到电离层等离子体产生的电磁波辐射,其相应的辐射机理是由于束的纵向约束而产生的电磁波辐射.理论分析和数值计算结果显示,在满足切伦柯夫（Cerenkov）共振条件时,哨声波前向辐射方向图有一个尖锐的峰值,且随着电子束弛豫长度的增加,辐射功率值也相应增大,表明可以通过对电子束的适当调制增强电子束激发的电磁波辐射强度.