大洋多金属结核中1nm锰矿相的相变及其主要控制因素研究

多金属结核样品在室温中放置或加热干燥后 ,其中的 1nm锰矿相会部分或全部地相变为 0 7nm锰矿相 ,这说明 0 7nm锰矿相可能不是多金属结核的原生锰矿相 ,而仅仅是 1nm锰矿相的相变产物。研究结果表明 :1nm锰矿相结构中的Cu2 + 、Co2 + 、Ni2 + 等金属阳离子的含量与其结构稳定性有正相关关系 ,即金属离子含量越高 ,其结构越稳定 ,1nm锰矿相越不易相变为 0 7nm锰矿相 ,反之亦然 ;另外 ,不同金属阳离子稳定 1nm锰矿相结构的能力也不同 ,结核中几种主要金属阳离子对 1nm锰矿相结构的稳定能力从大到小为 :Ni2 + >Cu2 + >Co2 + >Zn2 + >Ca2 + =Mg2 + 。     

油田开发中的相态特征及流体组份研究--以大张坨凝析气藏为例

大张坨凝析气藏是在我国发现的高含量凝析气藏之—．开发中据相态特征及流体组份研究结果，适时调整开发方式．1994年开始试采，1995年初实施循环注气开发．该气藏的开发经历了衰竭试采循环注气2个开采过程，开发过程中定期取地层流体样品进行相态特征和流体组份研究，并注重其成果的应用，凝折油采出率29．0％，取得了较好的开发效果．证实了相态研究在凝析气藏循环注气开发全过程应用的重要性．     

A Simplified Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Organically Bound Halogens in Salt‐containing Water Samples

A method was developed for the determination of organic halogens in water samples with the aim of minimizing matrix effects and simplifying the sample preparation technique commonly used. The method is based on the adsorption of organic halogens in modified hydrophilic divinylbenzene polymer columns and their elution with methanol. The adsorbent used enables rapid adsorption and desorption due to comparatively high operating flow rates and minimized solvent amounts. Furthermore, no additional reconcentration steps are needed. The methanol extract obtained is combusted with a standard EOX (extractable organic halogen) analyzer and the concentration of organically bound halogens is determined by microcoulometric analysis. The matrix effects are considerably reduced compared to the standard procedure (EN 1485) commonly used. A detection limit of 13 μg/L was established.     

Measuring the k–S–p relations on DNAPLs migration

Migration characteristics of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface can be expressed as a water–DNAPL two-phase system based on mainly the k–S–p relations, which describe the relations among relative permeability (k), degree of water saturation (S), and capillary pressure head (p). The aims of this research are to develop an experimental system with new type of probes, such as the electrical conductivity probe for measuring the degree of water saturation and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic tensiometer for measuring the pore water and DNAPL pressures, and also to estimate the results obtained from the developed experimental system. From these tests, the excellent k–S–p relations were obtained and the efficiency and validity of this developed experimental system have been confirmed in terms of the concept of the scaling coefficient calculated by interfacial tensions.     

Numerical models of tectonic deformation at the Baltica–Avalonia transition zone during the Paleocene phase of inversion

Predictions from dynamic modelling of the lithospheric deformation are presented for Northern Europe, where several basins underwent inversion during the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic and contemporary uplift and erosion of sediments occurred. In order to analyse the evolution of the continental lithosphere, the equations for the deformation of a continuum are solved numerically under thin sheet assumption for the lithosphere. The most important stress sources are assumed to be the Late Cretaceous Alpine tectonics; localized rheological heterogeneities can also affect local deformation and stress patterns. Present-day observations available in the studied region and coming from seismic structural interpretations and stress measurements have been used to constrain the model. Our modelling results show that lateral variation in lithospheric strength below the basin systems in Central Europe strongly controls the regional deformation and the stress regime. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the geometry of the boundary between Baltica and Avalonia, together with different rheological characteristics of the two plates, had a crucial role on local crustal deformation and faulting regime resulting in the Baltica–Avalonia transition zone from the S–N Alpine convergence.     

Global thermal and dynamical perturbations due to Cretaceous mantle avalanche

The numerical models of mantle convection agree to depict avalanches behaviour according to the level of endothermicity of the spinel → perovskite phase change. Their potential effects on the global thermal and dynamical states of the mantle have been computed thanks to a numerical code, which takes into account both the 400-km exothermic and the 660-km endothermic phase changes. The cycle followed by the avalanches is: local layering, destabilization of the 660-km thermal layer, travelling and spreading on the core, and reappearing of the local layering. Therefore, mantle convection is characterized by quiet periods of partial layering embedded in catastrophic events. During the avalanche, the amplitude of the surface velocity is multiplied by two, which would imply an enhanced plate tectonic and ridge activities. The global thermal effects of the avalanche are compatible with a high mantle temperature and an acceleration of Earth's rotation during the Cretaceous. They also offer a coherent explanation to locate the origin of mantle plumes both within the CMB and just below the transition zone.     

从118.75 GHz附近六通道亮温反演大气温度廓线的数值模拟研究

为了能在静止气象卫星上实现微波被动遥感探测大气温度廓线,并保持一定的地面空间分辨率(如视场小于60 km),就需要使用高频微波及大天线.欧洲和美国下一代静止气象卫星上都已考虑采用118.75 GHz附近通道.为了充分了解118.75 GHz附近通道遥感反演温度廓线的能力,为仪器研制及今后资料的解释反演提供必要的基础数据,作者开展了采用118.75 GHz附近六个通道遥感反演大气温度廓线的数值模拟研究.统计反演的数值试验表明,118.75 GHz附近六通道对温度垂直分布有一定的遥感反演能力;温度反演较好的层次对应于权重函数峰值所在的位置.     

对地观测小卫星的相位噪声分析与控制

结合传输型对地观测小卫星一体化设计的特点，介绍了一种用于对地观测小卫星系统的锁相接收机的-构成及原理，并对系统的相位噪声性能进行了详尽的分析，提出了对其相位噪声进行技术控制的方法。通过文中的分析与研究，消除了由于对地观测小卫星相位噪声所引起的系统误码率的恶化，提高了系统的可靠性，为下一步对地观测小卫星的发展与应用打下了良好的技术基础。