非稳定流抽水试验参数计算的优化算法

提出根据非稳定流抽水试验资料确定含水层参数的优化算法。该法不同于现有的配线法,其根据最小二乘法及0.618法原理进行优化计算,从而确定承压含水层的导水系数和弹性给水度及渗透系数等。优点是计算结果比较客观,计算精度比较高。给出了实例计算及与其他相比较的结果。     

矿物光率体主轴-晶轴-弹性张量的数学转换和计算机实现的方法

以往是通过手工转图由光率体主轴获取晶轴和应力主轴的,把手工操作变为计算机运算和成图,是一个重要的附加课题．主要介绍了计算机实现轴与轴以及坐标系和投影面之间的各种转换方法,具体步骤有：（１）把费氏台下读数转换为地理坐标系下的数据;（２）已知任意两个光率体主轴求第三个光率体主轴;（３）投影面的旋转;（４）由光率体主轴获取晶轴;（５）把弹性张量从与晶轴相关的坐标系转到地理坐标系中．由此编制的处理程序和绘图软件已在应用中．     

Balloon-Borne Optical Counter for in Situ Aerosol Measurements

A new balloon-borne optical particle counter has been developed to make in situ measurements of stratospheric aerosols. The intensity of light scattered at 60° from the forward direction by individual particles is measured. Aerosol number concentrations in seven size channels can be inferred. The counter has been calibrated using polystyrene and polyvinyl toluene latex spheres. There is good agreement between measured and calculated individual pulse intensities for aerosol with radii from 0.16 to 2.6 µm. The size resolution is limited by broadening of the pulse count/pulse height spectrum, arising mainly from the photoelectron statistics of photomultipliers. Stratospheric aerosol measurements have been made using this instrument at Kiruna (68°N, 21°E), Sweden, in February 1995, and at Aire sur l'Adour (44°N, 0°W), France, in 1992, 1993, and 1994. The uncertainties in the measurements are discussed. The retrieved aerosol concentrations and size distributions are presented, and shown to be broadly consistent with measurements made by the University of Wyoming optical particle counter.     

Constraint Inversion Algorithm of lidar equation for deriving aerosol optical property

A key question of the backward integration algorithm to lidar equation is how to determine the far-end boundary value. This paper develops a Constraint Inversion Algorithm (CIA) for deriving the value and then the aerosol extinction profile from lidar signals, which uses the ground-level horizontal lidar signals as the constraint information. The smaller the wavelength is, the more sensitive to the variation of aerosol ex-tinction to backscatter ratio solved by CIA. According to the property an algorithm is further proposed to simultaneously retrieve the aerosol extinction profile, the size distribution and the imaginary part of its re-flective index from the multi-wavelength lidar observations. CIA is tested in the inversion simulations with satisfactory result.     

Renovated controller designed by genetic algorithms

A novel smart control system based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed in this paper. The system is comprised of three parts: the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor‐based sensing network for structural health monitoring, the GA‐based location optimizer for sensor arrangement, and the GA‐based controller for vibration mitigation under external excitation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an eight‐story steel structure was designed specifically to represent a structure with large degrees of freedom. In total 16 FBG sensors were deployed on the structure to implement the concept of a reliable sensing network, and to allow the structure to be monitored precisely under any loading. The advantage of applying a large amount of information from the sensing system is proven theoretically by the GA‐based location optimizer. This result greatly supports the recent tendency of distributing sensors around the structure. Two intuitive GA‐based controllers are then proposed and demonstrated numerically. It is shown that the structure can be controlled more effectively by the proposed GA‐strain controller than by the GA‐acceleration controller, which represents the traditional control method. A shaking table test was carried out to examine the entire system. Experimental verification has demonstrated the feasibility of using this system in practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光纤传感技术在锚杆轴力监测中的应用

在简述了光纤Bragg光栅传感器基本工作原理的基础上,通过沪―蓉―西高速公路龙潭隧道支护锚杆轴力监测的工程应用,探讨研究了光纤传感技术用于岩土工程监测的几个重要环节--传感器选择、传感器安装、传感器标定及传感器埋设。通过现场监测获得了复杂地质条件下特长隧道支护锚杆轴力的变化特性,为光纤传感技术在岩土工程监测领域的应用积累了一定的经验。     

Inter-comparison of seasonal variability and nonlinear trend between AERONET aerosol optical depth and PM10 mass concentrations in Hong Kong

Here we used Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) method to study seasonal variability and nonlinear trend of corrected AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD/Hi) and corrected PM10 mass concentrations(PM10×f(RH)) in Hong Kong during 2005–2011. AOD/Hi is highly correlated with PM10×f(RH) in semi-annual and annual time scales(with correlation coefficient 0.67 for semi-annual and 0.79 for annual components, 95% confidence interval). On the semi-annual scale, both AOD/Hi and PM10×f(RH) can capture the two maxima in March and October, respectively, with much stronger amplitude in March probably due to the long-range transport of dust storm. On the annual cycle, the AOD/Hi and PM10×f(RH), which are negatively correlated with the precipitation and solar radiation, vary coherently with the maxima in February. This annual peak occurs about one month earlier than the first peak of the semi-annual variability in March, but with only half amplitude. During 2005–2011, both AOD/Hi and PM10×f(RH) exhibit the pronounced decreasing trend with the mean rate of 14 μg m–3 per year for PM10×f(RH), which reflects the significant effects of the air pollution control policy in Hong Kong during the past decade. The nonlinear trend analysis indicates that the decreasing of PM10×f(RH) is slower than that of AOD/Hi when the AOD/Hi is less than 0.44 but becomes faster when the AOD/Hi exceeds 0.44. These results illustrate that the AERONET AOD can be used quantitatively to estimate local air-quality variability on the semi-annual, annual, and long-term trend time scales.     

水井抽水对钻孔应变的影响

自2012年7月21日18时起,徐州地震台体应变和分量应变同时出现较大异常变化,分析认为,此变化由距该地震台700 m处泰山新打水井抽水干扰所致,不是地震前兆异常.     

基于分布式应变监测的大跨度斜拉桥结构损伤探测

结构损伤具有典型的局部性质,通常表现为局部应变的异常。结构应变的分布式监测与损伤敏感特征分析,是实现大跨桥梁损伤探测与定位的理想途径之一。但是,由于环境噪声的影响,对分布式应变信号的监测往往不能准确反映结构出现的损伤状况。因此,提出了通过小波变换对分布式光纤测试的斜拉桥桥面应变分布进行多尺度分析的方法。这种方法可以克服分布式光纤应变监测信号受观测噪声和空间分辨率平均效应的不利影响,准确地确定空间域信号奇异点在桥面的位置。同时,在实验室建立了比尺为1∶150的模型斜拉桥。通过对斜拉桥数值模型与物理模型试验结果的分析和比较,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于MODIS数据的城市光化学污染预警系统及预警等级研究

通过分析MODIS遥感数据反演的大气气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)与大气环境污染的关系,结果表明当空气清洁没有污染时,AOD小于0.3,当空气轻度污染时,AOD在0.3~1.0之间,当空气污染严重时,AOD大于1.0。在分析AOD与地面大气污染的关系的基础上,结合地面空气污染监测数据的空气污染指数,将城市光化学污染的预警等级分为无、微弱、较弱、较强和强五级,并对城市光化学污染预警系统进行了框架分析,为进一步建设城市光化学污染预警系统提供基础。