定向扫描成像测井技术及其应用

定向扫描成像测井技术，就是按照规定的方向对井壁进行扫描，把井壁展开成一个连续的平面。这种信号不能在磁屏蔽、磁干扰条件下工作，进而不能确定地质信息的方位。然而，当运用陀螺定向技术对人造磁场进行定向，在人造磁场中，转动的线圈感应出来的交变电信号作为图像扫描触发信号，能够测量所形成的超声图像，并快捷、准确地查明井管故障点的位置、损坏的规模大小和方位，从而为维修方案的确定提供了可靠的依据。     

利用背景噪声进行地震成像的新方法

利用背景地震噪声提取格林函数，即通过一对台站记录的地震噪声进行互相关计算，来近似台站间的格林函数，并进一步通过地震成像获取地下结构的认识，成为最近跨学科研究的热点问题之一.本文首先叙述了其发展背景及过程，然后分别从四个角度，简要介绍了目前对其物理原理的解释.如果该方法能得到进一步的发展，将不再依赖于天然地震以及人工地震，而仅仅利用地震台站记录的地震噪声便可获取高分辨率的地下成像.该方法将会大大促进地震学的发展.     

改良FS-3D-TrueFISP序列与传统序列在软骨成像中的对比研究

目的:总结正常软骨在改良脂肪抑制三维真实稳态自由进动序列上的表现,与传统序列对比研究软骨显像的图像质量,探讨经过改良以后的脂肪抑制三维真实稳态自由进动序列应用于软骨成像的可行性.方法:应用脂肪抑制三维快速小角度激发序列、三维双回波稳态序列、脂肪抑制快速自旋回波质子密度加权序列,以及经过改良以后的两个脂肪抑制三维真实稳态自由进动序列,对10名志愿者的膝关节进行扫描.测量各序列软骨及关节滑液的信号强度及背景噪声,计算各种方法所得图像的关节软骨的信噪比、关节软骨与滑液的对比噪声比及对比噪声比效率,比较各序列所得的信噪比、对比噪声比及对比噪声比效率之间有无统计学差异.结果:在改良的序列上软骨信号强度介于关节液与邻近骨质之间.6例信号均匀,4例软骨信号可见与脂肪抑制三维快速小角度激发序列相似的分层现象,各序列的信噪比、对比噪声比及对比噪声比效率差异具有显著性.采集次数为2次的脂肪抑制三维真实稳态自由进动序列的对比噪声比及对比噪声比效率优于其他序列.结论:经过改良后的真实稳态自由进动序列可以在保持关节软骨一定的信噪比的前提下在短时间内获得与关节滑液之间具有良好对比噪声比的图像.真实稳态自由进动序列可以用于关节软骨病变的诊断.     

Imaging Offsets in the Moho: Synthetic Tests using Gaussian Beams with Teleseismic Waves

We carry out a sequence of numerical tests to understand conditions under which rapid changes in crustal thickness can be reliably imaged by teleseismic body waves. Using the finite-difference method over a 2-D grid, we compute synthetic seismograms resulting from a planar P-wavefield incident below the grid. We then image the Moho using a migration scheme based on the Gaussian beam representation of the wavefield. The use of Gaussian beams for the downward propagation of the wavefield is particularly advantageous in certain geologically critical cases such as overthrusting of continental lithosphere, resulting in the juxtaposition of high-velocity mantle material over crustal rocks. In contrast to ray-based methods, Gaussian beam migration requires no special treatment to handle such heterogeneities. Our results suggest that with adequate station spacing and signal-to-noise ratios, offsets of the Moho, on the order of 10 km in height, can be reliably imaged beneath thickened crust at depths of about 50 km. Furthermore, even sharp corners and edges are faithfully imaged when precise values of seismic wave speeds are available. Our tests also demonstrate that flexibility in choices of different types of seismic phases is important, because any single phase has trade-offs in issues such as spatial resolution, array aperture, and amplitude of signals.     

Seismic identification of channel sandbodies in the Fuyang oil layer in North Songliao Basin, China

The Fuyang oil-layer in North Songliao Basin is characterized by thin interbedded sands and shales, strong lateral variation, strong reservoir heterogeniety, and so on. The thickness of individual sand layers is generally 3 - 5 m. Identifying the channel sand-bodies of the Fuyang oil layer using seismic techniques is very difficult due to the low seismic resolution. Taking the GTZ area as an example, we discuss the genetic characteristics of the channel sand-bodies and point out the real difficulty in using seismic techniques to predict the channel sand-bodies. Two methods for the identification of channels are presented： frequency spectrum imaging and pre-stack azimuthal anisotropy. Identifying the channel sand-bodies in Fuyu oil-layer using the two seismic methods results in a success rate up to 80% compared with well data.     

Laser Scanning的基本原理及其应用前景

首先介绍了激光测距仪的发展历程,针对应用领域的不同,分别对3维激光成像仪和机载/星载激光测高仪的测量原理进行了阐述,并分别介绍了两种激光测距仪的工作流程以及数据处理流程,最后对两种激光测距仪的应用范围进行了阐述,并把两种激光测距技术和普通摄影测量进行了比较,指出了激光测距技术相对于普通摄影测量的优点,即高精度性、穿透性、实时性。     

一种基于图像金字塔光流的特征跟踪方法

推导并实现了一种基于图像金字塔光流的角点特征跟踪方法。实验结果表明,该方法在不同运动幅度和运动方式下的检测跟踪性能较好,能够有效地应用于长序列图像的特征跟踪。     

基于Mallat算法遥感图像去云雾处理的改进方法

遥感图像云雾处于相对低频、景物处于相对高频。根据小波变换多分辨率的特点,分析云雾和景物在小波系数中的分布,得出景物信息包含于低层细节系数,而云雾信息包含于高层细节系数和近似系数。本文通过增大图像的低层细节系数,减小高层细节系数,并适当减小近似系数,达到去除云雾的目的。最后评价了图像处理结果,并与同态滤波做比较,表明本文方法是有效的。     

AGN Detection Ranges of MACE and TACTIC Imaging Gamma-Ray Telescopes

Two high-sensitivity imaging gamma-ray telescopes, MACE and TACTIC, are being set up at Mt. Abu, India, for making detailed spectral and temporal investigations of galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sources in the photon energy bands. E 20–200 GeV and 0.5–5TeV respectively. Here, we estimate the effective red-shift ranges of these telescopes for detecting gamma-ray signals from the EGRET-detected AGN's and identify the most likely candidate-sources for detection by the MACE and the TACTIC, under the assumption that the EGRET-inferred power-law spectra for these AGN's extend into the GeV-TeV range without any change in shape. Extremum bounds of the relevant intergalactic background radiation fields, suggested by various observational and theoretical considerations, have been used to estimate the attenuation of VHE gamma-ray fluxes due to photon-photon pair-production process, leading to the desired z-ranges for these instruments.     

The journal Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering with Biomedical Applications becomes the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering (IJNMBE) from 1st January 2010

Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, founded by Roland W. Lewis in 1985, will change its title to the ‘International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering’ and has a revised Aims and Scope. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.