构造应力场研究的新进展

本文阐明构造应力（主应力与剪应力）方向的研究方法以及最新研究成果，指出全球各地区在某一时期的应力方向可以是各不相同的，同一地区在不同地质时期内的构造应力方向也是截然不同的，并且应力方向的转变周期也不相等。在概述了应力大小的研究方法之后，作者介绍了构造应力大小研究中的两个新成果：（１）构造应力主要集中在岩石圈内，（２）构造应力从板块边缘向内部具有明显的衰减趋势。至于构造应力积累时间，一般认为是ｎ×１０￣７年的缓慢过程，而应力释放时间则为ｎ×１０￣６年的过程，是一种灾变性、较快的流变过程。构造应力场数学模拟方法已经比较成熟，构造应力的起源问题则为当今构造地质学的前沿性课题之一，对此本文较客观地进行了探讨。     

非饱和裂隙介质中地下水流的运动

本文分析了控制裂隙多孔介质中水流渗透的基本过程，给出了各阶段锋面运动的渐近解，并与数值解进行对比。其成果适用于核废物处置、有害废物处理及石油回采等方面。     

CO2气综合识别技术及应用

CO₂气藏由于其物理、化学性质的特殊性,CO₂气勘探与烃类气既有相同又有区别,综合应用多种资料和多种技术方法是识别CO₂气(层)藏的有效手段。利用区域地质分析、地球物理和地球化学勘探方法综合评价非烃气的分布,提出钻探目标,通过非烃色谱测量法和红外线CO₂气体浓度测量法实现CO₂气层钻井现场动态检测,利用气体色谱检测相关录井参数资料、核测井密度中子孔隙度差值综合解释CO₂气层,有效地识别CO₂气。主要介绍CO₂气藏综合勘探技术的关键的新技术方法,如地球化学方法、录井和测井综合识别的关键技术方法等。     

中国对“一带一路”沿线国家出口增长的边际特征时空变化

基于CEPII BACI数据库提供的1995~2015年HS-92-6位数国际贸易数据,利用H-K三元边际框架分析了中国对“一带一路”沿线国家各类产品出口增长的边际特征。研究结果表明：① 中国对“一带一路”沿线国家出口各类产品的种类扩张主要发生于1995~2001年与2001~2008年两个时段;② 在后金融危机时段,中国对“一带一路”沿线国家各类产品出口增长模式主要表现为数量扩张为主,价格扩张为辅,而出口产品的种类扩张则不明显;③ 区域性视角下的数量扩张更显著,而国别性视角下的种类扩张与价格扩张更显著; ④ 动态演进上,无论从区域视角还是从国别视角来看,不同产品部门的边际特征均呈现出较大的差异,中国出口价格边际极化现象较为显著。总体而言,中国对“一带一路”沿线国家产品出口的增长模式在国别层面与区域层面表现出较大的异质性,不同种类产品具有不同的出口增长模式,同一种类产品在不同时段也呈现出不同的出口增长模式。此外,我们发现考察期内中国对“一带一路”沿线国家出口增长模式正在发生显著变化,其中出口的广度增长效应正逐渐被数量增长与价格增长效应所取代。     

A Study of the Impact of the Fukushima Nuclear Leak on East China Coastal Regions

ABSTRACT

The nuclear leak in Fukushima, Japan, which occurred on 11 March 2011, had disastrous impacts in many regions of the northern hemisphere. In this study, a highly resolved, one-way nesting model incorporating tides is set up with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to simulate and predict the potential impact of the disaster on the East China Sea (ECS), with the large domain covering the entire North Pacific. Of the four main waterways, namely Taiwan Strait, the waterway east of Taiwan, Tokara Strait, and Tsushima Strait, the first two have net fluxes of radionuclides into the ECS, while the other two have net outward transport during the entire 14-year period of the simulation (2011–2025). Differing from previous studies, we have taken into account background radionuclides in this model; the results agree well with available observations. Based on the simulation, the radioactive material has arrived in the ECS. The amount will reach its peak in 2019 and late in 2021 will return to its original state before the accident. Temporally it has a clear seasonal variability, with peaks usually appearing during winter. Spatially it is not homogeneously distributed, and the concentration has local maxima along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which are the most populous regions of China; a conspicuous feature is the Subei Bank high in summer. This study is expected to help form policy for rapid response to such disasters.     

Response of Plant Growth and Biomass Accumulation to Short-term Experimental Warming in a Highland Barley System of the Tibet

Highland barley is an important staple food in the Tibet, and the Tibetan Plateau is experiencing obvious climatic warming. However, few studies have examined the warming effects on highland barley growth and biomass allocation under conditions of controlled experimental warming. This limits our ability to predict how highland barley will change as the climate changes in the future. An experiment of field warming at two magnitudes was performed in a highland barley system of the Tibet beginning in late May, 2014. Infrared heaters were used to increase soil temperature. At the end of the warming experiment (September 14, 2014), plant growth parameters (plant height, basal diameter, shoot length and leaf number), biomass accumulation parameters (total biomass, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass and spike biomass), and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters (carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen concentration in root, stem, leaf and spike) were sampled. The low- and high-level experimental warming significantly increased soil temperature by 1.52 and 1.98 °C, respectively. Average soil moisture was significantly decreased by 0.03 m³ m^-3 under the high-level experimental warming, while soil moisture under the low-level experimental warming did not significantly change. The low- and high-level experimental warming did not significantly affect plant growth parameters, biomass accumulation parameters, and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters. There were also no significant differences of plant growth parameters, biomass accumulation parameters, and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters between the low- and high-level experimental warming. Our findings suggest that the response of highland barley growth, total and component biomass accumulation, and carbon and nitrogen concentration to warming did not linearly change with warming magnitude in the Tibet.     

Thermal–hydraulic–mechanical modeling of a large-scale heater test to investigate rock salt and crushed salt behavior under repository conditions for heat-generating nuclear waste

The Thermal Simulation for Drift Emplacement heater test is modeled using two simulators for coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical processes. Results from the two simulators are in very good agreement. The comparison between measurements and numerical results is also very satisfactory, regarding temperature, drift closure and rock deformation. Concerning backfill compaction, a parameter calibration through inverse modeling was performed due to insufficient data on crushed salt reconsolidation, particularly at high temperatures. We conclude that the two simulators investigated have the capabilities to reproduce the data available, which increases confidence in their use to reliably investigate disposal of heat-generating nuclear waste in saliferous geosystems.     

基于GIS的核应急一张图系统设计与实现

核电作为一种清洁可靠的新能源,已经成为我国能源发展战略的重要组成部分,成为优化能源结构、应对气候变化的重要选择,但同时我国核电站应急安全领域还没有完备、统一的核应急地图制图输出标准和平台。针对这一重大问题,本文在研究我国核电应急安全相关资料的基础上,结合GIS的空间分析、数据管理方面的优势和计算机相关技术,设计并实现了核应急智能一张图系统,构建了集核安全应急分析以及快速专题地图输出等功能为一体的综合制图平台,为我国核电站应急安全研究以及相关措施制定和实施提供技术支持。     

实现Johnson标准UBV系统中的某些问题(英)

Odewahn等人发表的CCD标准星区NGC7790的目录是挑选过的非密集星目录．在其证认图上都为单星或仅有相对很暗的近星,但在深度露光图上许多星显出有近星,有的貌似单星但实际上是双星或三重星．本文给出这些（光学）伴星的相对距离和星等差,以便测光工作者挑选标准星时参考使用．另外,比对NGC7790的CCD测光与光电和照相测光,发现Sandage的光电内插照相星等有系统偏离,远大于其测光误差．检验Sandage及其合作者的其 他类似工作可知Johnson等人的工作（M67, M11）,在误差范围内,内插照相值的确和光电值在同一系统．Sandage和Walker的NGC4147,所说的照相光电一致与事实不符．Burbidge和Sandage的NGC7789,在改正了照相值的系统偏离后仍没有全改掉．Sandage和Walker的M92,真正改掉了小的非线性偏离．Sandage和Wildey的NGC7006,由于星暗难测,其照相值不能坚持光电内插的原则,结果不但有明显的颜色方程,而且星等有大的标度误差．CCD测光也应从中吸取经验教训.